Spam, also known as Unsolicited Commercial Email (UCE), has been an increasingly annoying problem to individuals and organizations. Most of prior research formulated spam filtering as a classical text categorization task, in which training examples must include both spam emails (positive examples) and legitimate mails (negatives). However, in many spam filtering scenarios, obtaining legitimate ...

Existing approaches to e-mail filtering measure the likelihood of an e-mail spam based on the blacklist, whitelist, and the spaminess of the words in the content. However, false negative rates and false positive rates cannot be effectively improved without adopting new technologies. In this paper, we propose a social network analysis approach to e-mail filtering based on the previous communicat...

We describe experiments with a Naive Bayes text classifier in the context of anti-spam E-mail filtering, using two different statistical event models: a multi-variate Bernoulli model and a multinomial model. We introduce a family of feature ranking functions for feature selection in the multinomial event model that take account of the word frequency information. We present evaluation results on...

SPAM e-mails have a direct cost in terms of time, server storage space, network bandwidth consumptions and indirect costs to protect privacy and security breaches. Efforts have been done to create new filters techniques to block SPAM, however spammers have developed tactics to avoid these filters. A constant update to these techniques is required. This paper proposes a novel approach which is a...

Natural computing has been an increasingly evolving field in the last few years. Focusing on the interesting behaviours offered by nature and biological processes, this work intends to apply the metaphor of the carnivorous plant “Dionaea muscipula” as a complementary defence system against a recurring problem regarding internet and e-mails: spam. The metaphor model presents relevant aspects for...

Electronic mail services have become an important source of communication for millions of people all over the world. Due to this tremendous growth, there has been a significant increase in spam traffic. Spam messes up user’s inbox, consumes network resources and spread worms and viruses. In this paper we study the characteristics of spam and the technology used by spammers. In order to counter ...

Spams are electronic junk mails that are costly for the individuals and organizations who receive them and Internet service providers who handle them. They also highly contribute to the lack of trust in email service by the users, intrusion of privacy, and fraud. Spam detectors with a wide range of effectiveness are exist in the market. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing spam de...

Early spam mails were only text-based, however spammers have moved to more sophisticated spamming techniques that involve images now generally termed image based spam. In most image-based spam, the entire spam message, which could be sometimes text, is embedded in an image of any format. This type of spam emails creates another dimension to the spam filtering problem scenario. Extracting text f...

The amount of spam has skyrocketed in the recent past. Traditionally, spam was sent by single source mass mailers (spammers), making it relatively easy to screen out through the use of blacklists. Recently spammers started using botnets to send out the spam, rendering the blacklists ineffective. Although, content-based spam filters provide temporary relief, this is a never-ending cat-andmouse g...

With the advent of the Internet and reduction of the costs in digital communication, spam has become a key problem in several types of media (i.e. email, social media and micro blog). Further, in recent years, email spamming in particular has been subjected to an exponentially growing threat which affects both individuals and business world. Hence, a large number of studies have been proposed i...