When insect activity is limited at low temperature, birds may be comparatively more important pollinators than insects for flowering plants. It has been thought that many large-flowered Rhododendron species are pollinated by local birds in the Himalayan regions because most of these species flower in spring at high elevation with cool atmospheric temperature. However, experimental evidence for ...

khan bathroom is the most ancient bathroom and is situated near the old market (bazar). ccording to the inscription seen in the main entrance of khan bathroom, it was made by the sheriff of kurdistan in 1220 during qajar period. one of the features of khan bathroom is the height of space and the length of plan. the implementation of decorative design and the usage of stucco decoration and tile ...

W hen I was in school, I learned about a linear food chain in which, for example, flowers provide food for bees, which in turn are eaten by birds. The implications of this model are clear: if bees were to vanish, birds would starve and flowers would not be pollinated. Whether this concept was a hangover from the old idea of the great chain of being (scala naturae) or a simplification deemed nec...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bilabiate flowers have evolved in many lineages of the angiosperms, thus representing a convincing example of parallel evolution. Similar to keel blossoms, they have obviously evolved in order to protect pollen against pollen-collecting bees. Although many examples are known, a comprehensive survey on floral diversity and functional constraints of bilabiate flowers is lackin...

In the present study we confirm and extend previous reports about the existence of a T-dependent area in the bursa of Fabricius of some birds, analyzing ultrastructurally the cell content of the so-called diffusely-infiltrated lymphoid tissue of the bursa of the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor. It consists of lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages (Mphis) and interdigitating cells (IDCs) in...

Animal pollinators are vital for the reproduction of ~90% flowering plants. However, many these pollinating species experiencing declines globally, making effective pollinator monitoring methods more important than ever before. Pollinators can leave DNA on flowers they visit, and metabarcoding environmental (eDNA) traces provides an opportunity to detect presence flower visitors. Our study, col...

Abstract Controlling shoot and promoting flower of litchi is one the key technologies for high yield fruit trees, but occlusion caused by dense growth has a great impact on detection flowers. To solve problem, this paper designs polyphyletic loss function to detect occlusive A new aggregation term proposed in force proposal box approach compactly locate corresponding target. At same time, segme...