Daniel Hack Tuke first used the word 'psychotherapeutics' in 1872 (Ellenberger, 1970, p. 765). He defined the term psychotherapy in his dictionary (Tuke, 1892), published twenty years later, as 'treatment of disease by the influence of the mind on the body'. Advances in the field of the behavioural sciences and other events in the twentieth century have led to changes in the meanings of psychot...

Entropy is a basic physical quantity that led to various, and sometimes apparently connicting interpretations. It has been successively assimilated to diierent concepts such as disorder and information. In this paper we're going to revisit these conceptions, and establish the three following results: Entropy measures lack of information; it also measures information. These two conceptions are c...

In this paper we claim that meaningful representations can be learned by programs, although today they are almost always designed by skilled engineers. We discuss several kinds of meaning that representations might have, and focus on a functional notion of meaning as appropriate for programs to learn. Speci cally, a representation is meaningful if it incorporates an indicator of external condit...

My contribution to this discussion is to attempt to spread a little radical doubt. Since I have spent over 30 years of my life writing and editing monolingual dictionary definitions, it may seem rather odd that I should be asking, do word meanings exist? The question is genuine, though: prompted by some puzzling facts about the data that is now available in the form of machine-readable corpora....