Based on four-point Magnetospheric Multiscale observation, we carefully analyze the vorticity field in course of a reconnection jet 27 June 2017. In this event, convective electric (Ec) is overwhelmed by kinetic (Ek). Accordingly, ?-field BBF dominated (?k). The Ek-dominated bursty bulk flow (BBF) characterized perpendicular anisotropy. Comparison velocity-curl () with E/B induced confirms grea...

General statement of the problem. The following algebraic problem is very classical: Let A and B be two Hermitian matrices of the same size. Assume we know the spectrum of each of them. What can be said about the spectrum of their sum A + B? The problem was posed by Weyl [1912]. He gave a series of necessary conditions, known as Weyl’s interlacing inequalities: if λ1(A)≥ · · · ≥ λn(A), λ1(B)≥ ·...

The action spectra of Bacillus subtilis spores (ATCC6633) and Salmonella typhimurium LT2 were characterized using physical radiometry for irradiance measurements and a multiple target model to interpret the inactivation kinetics. The observed action spectrum of B. subtilis spores deviated significantly from the relative absorbance spectrum of the DNA purified from the spores, but matched quite ...

Moments of lepton spectrum in B decays and the m b − m c quark mass difference. Abstract It is argued that the quark mass difference m b − m c can be extracted with a high accuracy from experimental data on ratia of moments of lepton energy spectrum in semileptonic decays of B mesons. Theoretical expressions for the moments are presented, which include perturbative as well as non-perturbative c...

We review and extend the theory of Thom spectra and the associated obstruction theory for orientations. Specifically, we show that for an E∞ ring spectrum A, the classical construction of gl1A, the spectrum of units, is the right adjoint of the functor Σ∞+ Ω ∞ : ho(connective spectra) → ho(E∞ ring spectra). To a map of spectra f : b → bgl1A, we associate an E∞ A-algebra Thom spectrum Mf , which...

It was proposed [1] recently to use the decay distribution in terms of the observable ξu = (q 0 + |q|)/MB in the B rest frame to measure Vub, where q is the momentum transfer to the lepton pair. This decay spectrum is unique in that the tree-level and virtual gluon processes b → ulν at the parton level generate a trivial ξu spectrum — a discrete line at ξu = mb/MB, solely on kinematic grounds. ...

We compute the weak lensing Jacobi map at first order in perturbation theory and show that it is both, gauge invariant symmetric. Linear perturbations therefore do not induce any rotation. However, vector tensor $B$-modes shear. contrary to what often claimed literature, shear $B$-mode power spectrum fully determined by rotation spectrum. Also $E$-mode convergence While this difference small fo...