BACKGROUND Caustic ingestions are rare but potentially life-threatening events requiring multidisciplinary emergency approaches. Although particularly respiratory functions may be impaired after caustic ingestions, studies involving acute emergency care are scarce. The goal of this study was to explore acute emergency care with respect to airway management and emergency department (ED) infrastr...

In Italy the European Union Injury Database reports the involvement of chemical products in 0.9% of home and leisure accidents. The Emergency Department registry on domestic accidents in Italy and the Poison Control Centres record that 90% of cases of exposure to toxic substances occur in the home. It is not rare for the effects of chemical agents to be observed in hospitals, with a high potent...

Background: The term caustic generally refers to alkaline and the term corrosive generally refers to acidic agents' injury however, in medical literature caustic is frequently a term applied to both substances. Ingested alkali typically damage the esophagus more than stomach or duodenum, whereas acids usually cause more severe gastric injury. Since esophagus has a slightly alkaline pH, its epit...

Treating spent pot lining by the Low Caustic Leaching and Liming (LCLL) process creates an inert non-hazardous residue called LCLL Ash. Ground as a fine powder calcined, Ash showed pozzolanic behavior in cement. The effect of calcination temperatures on reactivity was studied compressive strength activity index, Frattini tests, RILEM R 3 followed XRD analysis. When calcinating at below 800 °C, ...

The secant caustic of a planar curve M is the image singular set map . We analyze geometrical properties curve, i.e. number branches caustic, parity cusps and inflexion points in each branch this set. In particular, we investigate detail some rosette, smooth regular oriented closed with non-vanishing curvature.

introduction: esophagus injuries secondary to caustic ingestion occurs frequently in children. oral damages cannot give us a clear image of what has happened in upper gi. therefore endoscopy is only diagnostic way to evaluate upper gi injuries. in this study, we found out the endoscopic results in children admitted with caustic ingestion in qaem(a. s.) hospital between 2011 to 2013 , and compar...

It is shown that the caustic formed by the reflection of a plane wave off the inside of a cylinder is independent of the angle of incidence of the wave with the axis of the cylinder. Moreover, the caustic formed by the reflection of a point source off a cylinder is proven to be translation symmetric. This is done by constructing explicitly the focal sets of the reflected line congruences (2-par...