OBJECTIVE To describe the effect of vaginal delivery with no clinically recognized sphincter tear on endosonographic anal sphincter morphology and sphincter pressure and to relate endosonographic results to anal sphincter pressure and anal incontinence score. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-two nullipara underwent anal endosonography and anal manometry in the third trimester of pregnancy, 2 weeks and 6 m...

PURPOSE To compare endoanal ultrasonography (US), endoanal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and phased-array MR imaging for anal sphincter muscle measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty healthy volunteers underwent 1.5-T phased-array MR, endoanal MR, and endoanal US examinations. Sphincter muscle thicknesses were measured. Measurement reliability was analyzed, and correlations among the imag...

OBJECTIVE To describe the sonographic appearance of normal anal sphincter anatomy and sphincter defects evaluated with a conventional 5 MHz convex transducer placed on the perineum. DESIGN Prospective, single-blind study. SETTING Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, USA. POPULATION Twenty-five women with symptoms of faecal incontinence, 11 asympt...

PURPOSE Voiding cystourethrography is a diagnostic procedure widely used to evaluate lower urinary tract abnormalities in children. In children with and without suspected voiding dysfunction we measured the internal diameter of the external urethral sphincter on voiding cystourethrography to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy as a predictor of detrusor-sphincter incoordination. MATERIALS AND ME...

hemorrhoidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with third or fourth-degree hemorrhoids. although the majority of surgeons believe that surgical hemorrhoidectomy is the most effective approach with excellent results in the management of hemorrhoid disease, but hemorrhoidectomy is not a simple procedure. one of the complications of this surgery is an injury to anal sphincters that can l...

Intravenous administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) caused a dose-dependent contraction in the lower esophageal sphincter in the opossum. The smallest dose of 5-HT which caused a detectable contraction of the sphincter was 0.5 mug/kg, and a maximal sphincter contraction was produced by a dose of 40 mug/kg. Methysergide converted the contractile effect of 5-HT to a dose-dependent fall in th...

BACKGROUND Sleeve gastrectomy may alter esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. AIM To detect manometric changings in the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter before and after sleeve gastrectomy in order to select patients who could develop postoperative esophageal motilitity disorders and lower esophageal sphincter pressure modifications. METHODS Seventy-three pati...

BACKGROUND There is still considerable debate about the value of preoperative anorectal physiological parameters in predicting the clinical outcome after sphincteroplasty. Recently it has been reported that atrophy of the external anal sphincter can be clearly shown with endoanal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of external anal sphinct...

The anal sphincter is made up of the internal and external sphincter, which are arranged concentrically around the anal canal; they overlap except in the most distal part of the anal canal in the region of the superficial part of the external sphincter. Continuous electromyographic (EMG) activity may be recorded in the external anal sphincter at rest (Floyd and Walls, 1953) but the external sph...