Introduction Neuroethologists wish to understand how animals detect, integrate and perceive sensory stimuli relevant to complex behaviors, and how such processes are modified by physiological state and experience. The tobacco hornworm moth (Manduca sexta) is an excellent model organism for these purposes, due to its large size, rapid generation time and well-defined adult behaviors. Upwind-flig...

IN 1928 Dotterweich published under the title " Beitrage zur Nervenphysiologie der Insekten" some very interesting and important observations and measurements mainly on Sphingidae, showing that the rapid vibration of the wings regularly observed in large moths before they take flight produces an increase in temperature of the wing muscles which is necessary to enable them to fly at all. The tem...