The resistance of three types of Bacillus cereus T spores to ultraviolet radiation corresponded to their dipicolinic acid (DPA) content. Photoprotection against ultraviolet light was observed in DPA-containing spores and in DPA-less spores irradiated through calcium dipicolinate.

Anti-protective antigen antibody was reported to enhance macrophage killing of ingested Bacillus anthracis spores, but it was unclear whether the antibody-mediated macrophage killing mechanism was directed against the spore itself or the vegetative form emerging from the ingested and germinating spore. To address this question, we compared the killing of germination-proficient (gp) and germinat...

BACKGROUND Recent use of Bacillus anthracis spores as a bioweapon has highlighted the need for a continuous monitoring system. Current monitoring systems rely on antibody-derived probes, which are not hardy enough to withstand long-term use under extreme conditions. We describe new, phage-derived probes that can be used as robust substitutes for antibodies. METHODS From a landscape phage libr...

The adhesion of spores of 3 Bacillus species with distinctive morphologies to stainless steel and borosilicate glass was studied using the fluid dynamic gauging technique. Marked differences were observed between different species of spores, and also between spores of the same species prepared under different sporulation conditions. Spores of the food-borne pathogen B. cereus were demonstrated ...

The spore of Tricholoma matsutake is considered to be the starting point of the mushroom growth cycle, but the mechanism of mycelial development from the spore stage is not yet clarified. In this study, we tried to measure how far the spores of T. matsutake disperse from a fruiting body located at a Pinus densiflora stand in Korea. We established 16 slide glasses coated with glycerin near a fru...

Ten eels (Anguilla japonica) from a fish farm in Korea were examined and diagnosed with a Heterosporis infection. The gross lesions on the trunk were uneven and the concave parts were pasty. Histopathologically, lyses of the trunk muscles, degenerative muscle fibers and the scattered spores were observed. The sporophorocyst (SPC) contained several spores with a variety of shapes. Some SPC were ...

AIMS To analyse the germination and its heterogeneity of individual spores of Clostridium perfringens. METHODS AND RESULTS Germination of individual wild-type Cl. perfringens spores was followed by monitoring Ca-dipicolinic acid (CaDPA) release and by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Following the addition of KCl that acts via germinant receptors (GRs), there was a long va...

ABSTRACT- The production of greenhouse sweet pepper is increasing because of the consumer demand for sweet pepper year around. In this study, physiological characteristics of sweet pepper were evaluated in a greenhouse under different levels of arbascular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, (AMF) and various levels of amino acid (AA). Treatments included no AMF as a control (AMF1), 1000 sp...

Persistence of Bacillus globigii spores, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis, was studied on biofouled concrete-lined slides in drinking water using biofilm annular reactors. Reactors were inoculated with B. globigii spores and persistence was monitored in the bulk and biofilm phases, first in dechlorinated water and later with free chlorine concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/L. In the dechlorinated s...

The airborne fungal spore content in Havana, Cuba, collected by means a non-viable volumetric methodology, was studied from November 2010 - October 2011. The study, from a qualitative point of view, allowed the characterization of 29 genera and 5 fungal types, described following the Saccardo´s morphotypes, as well as their morphobiometrical characteristics. In the amerospores morphotype, the c...