PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to prepare inhalable co-spray dried powders of salmon calcitonin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (sCT-CS-NPs) with mannitol and investigate pulmonary absorption in rats. METHODS The sCT-CS-NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking polyion. Inhalable dry powders were obtained by co-spray drying a...

In cookware industry, interior spray coating process is an important process to protect the cookware product from the corrosion. In this process, the coating material “TEFLON” is used to spray to cover all the part’s surface. If a pot or pan is not too deep, one spray gun is enough to spray to cover all the interior surface. However, for the high side-wall pot, two spray guns must be used to sp...

Commercially available controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Engineering control measures included spray-painting booths, vehicle preparation stations, and spray-painting guns. The controls were evaluated by measuring particulate overspray concentrations in the worker's breathing...

Droplet transport processes that occur in fuel sprays and spray flames were examined using laser velocimetry, phase Doppler interferometry, and laser sheet beam photography. Droplet size and velocity (axial and radial) distributions were obtained in a swirl-stabilized, pressure-atomized kerosene spray under nonburning and burning conditions. The results show that the introduction of swirl to th...

Charged particulate spray systems are common in many industrial and manufacturing processes. Using externally applied electromagnetic fields – the dynamics of these particulate sprays can be altered to achieve improved functionality and access to spray-sites that are hard to reach. With such an alteration the spray-particulate dynamics can become non-intuitive – thereby motivating a physically ...

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 spray painters and 35 control subjects to evaluate neurobehavioral function, and thyroid and reproductive hormones profile. This study indicated higher prevalence of psychological and neurological symptoms, and clinical findings among spray painters when compared with controls. Levels of TSH were significantly (p<0.01) elevated in spray painters over ...

There are many ways to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions. However, NOx emission is difficult to reduce because the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in a diesel engine is not sufficient for NOx conversion. Therefore, in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the De-NOx catalyst, a secondary injection system is designed to inject liquid HC into the exhaust pipe. The atomization and distr...

arterial blood gas (abg) sampling is a painful procedure with no perfect technique for quelling the discomfort. an ideal local anesthesia should be rapid, easy to learn, inexpensive, and noninvasive. this study was aimed to compare pain levels from abg sampling performed with vapocoolant spray in comparison to placebo. we hypothesized that pretreatment with the vapocoolant would reduce the pain...

In this work, aqueous diltiazem HCl and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) solutions were mixed with Kollicoat SR 30D and spray dried to microparticles of different drug:excipient ratio and PVP content. Co-spray dried products and physical mixtures of drug, Kollidon SR and PVP were tableted. Spray drying process, co-spray dried products and compressibility/compactability of co-spray dried and physical...

The Spray Treatment Planner is an intelligent decision support system for productivity and efficiency evaluation in an aerial spray treatment project. It can be used as a tool to plan the schedule for spraying pesticides aerially. STP schedules the spraying operation of selected blocks from selected airports using single or multiple aircraft(s). The scheduling is done to maximize the spray effi...