Based on the complete dynamic calculation method, the layout, force, and strength of harvester boom cylinders were designed and calculated. Closed simulations for the determination of the dynamic responses of the harvester boom during luffing motion considering the cylinder drive system and luffing angle position control have been realized. Using the ADAMS mechanical system dynamics analysis so...

As a result of the decreasing availability of authorized plant protection products, adequate pest control becomes more difficult in many ornamental crops and almost no information is available about the optimization of spray application techniques in ornamental crops. Yet, spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhous...

Commodity prices are characterized by boom and bust cycles. In this article, the impact of the commodity boom of the 2000s on Latin American and Caribbean economies is studied by analyzing four categories of commodity exports (agricultural raw materials, fuel, food, ore and minerals) as well as manufactured exports. Latin American and Caribbean economies had higher growth during the 2000s than ...

Engineering fatigue fracture failure is one of the most common phenomena of mechanical and structural failure, statistically representing approximately 50 to 90% of total mechanical damage [1]. Lattice structures have been widely used in crane booms, steel plants, parking garages, offshore platforms and other fields [2] to [4]. In a crane, the lattice boom has better mechanical properties compa...

Patch spraying is a technological way to reduce herbicide amounts required control weeds by triggering only where lie. Nevertheless, the adoption rate of this technology farmers still low and there lack efficient tools assess patch applications depending on features weed spatial distributions. To avoid unrealistic in-field experiments, virtual sprayer designed computer simulations are carried o...

This paper considers a lightweight boom with an integral hinge consisting of a thinwalled tube made of carbon fibre reinforced plastic with two longitudinal slots. The dynamic deployment of this boom is studied both experimentally and by means of detailed finite-element simulations. The deployment of the boom can be divided into three phases: deployment; incomplete latching, buckling of the tap...

The effectiveness and penetration of a novel, truck-mounted mist sprayer (3WC-30-4P provided by American LongRay) was evaluated with bifenthrin in a large, park-like setting with historic floodwater and woodland mosquito populations. Efficacy evaluations were determined through adult population collections and excised leaf bioassays. Trapping results showed a mean reduction of 77% in mosquito p...

Secondary exposure to pesticide residues on the external surfaces of sprayers does not currently form part of the risk assessment process. A measure of the ease with which residues may be transferred from the sprayer surface to the operator would enhance the accuracy of any such assessment. This study quantified the dislodgeability of six pesticides from sprayer surfaces in order to calculate t...

This paper addresses two issues. The first is whether demographic change was plausibly responsible for the run-up in stock prices over the last decade, and whether the attempt by the baby boom cohort to cash out of its investments in the period 2010-30 might lead to an “asset meltdown.” The second issue is whether the rise in dependency that will accompany the retirement of the baby boom cohort...