Performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) provides a robust alternative to traditional design. PBEE enables engineers estimate expected damage, repair costs, and economic losses due downtime for candidate design, potentially leading novel new designs or retrofit solutions. With the increasing application of light-frame structural systems, such as cold-formed steel (CFS) panels, in residen...

Computational cost of metaheuristic based optimum design algorithms grows excessively with structure size. This results in computational inefficiency of modern metaheuristic algorithms in tackling optimum design problems of large scale structural systems. This paper attempts to provide a computationally efficient optimization tool for optimum design of large scale steel frame structures to AISC...

Background: Different bracing systems of steel Eccentric Braces (EBs) and steel-concrete Buckling-Restrained (BRBs) can be used in frames order to make the stronger resisting lateral loads. These with EBs or BRBs are generally called Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs) (BRBFs), respectively. Objective: This study aims investigate having moment link. Methods: The EBFs BRBFs nonlinearly analysed e...

The mechanical behavior of light steel framing (LSF) walls under horizontal (shear) loadings is reported and assessed in this paper. In total, an experimental program with twelve LSF (six monotonic six cyclic loading) was conducted, the main parameters investigated were (i) thickness (ii) material used as cladding (OSB, a plasterboard, sheet), (iii) spacing between fasteners (150 or 75 mm), (iv...

During the last two decades, attention of researchers has been focused on repairing and retrofitting concrete frames to make them more earthquake-resistant. Two methods have developed increase seismic resistance previously undamaged structures before they are subjected an earthquake. The first is through addition new structural members, such as steel braces second by selectively strengthening e...