In order to examine the effect of HTLV-I proviral load on the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP, we measured the HTLV-I proviral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a large number of HAM/TSP patients and asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers. To measure the proviral load, we used an accurate and reproducible quantitative PCR method using a dual-labeled fluorogenic probe (ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence...

HTLV-I-specific CD8(+) T cells have been characterized with high frequencies in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which contribute to central nervous system inflammation in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). However, little is known about the differences in CD8(+) T cell activation status between asymptomatic ...

the introduction of the new classification systems of psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 and DSM-IV) two decades ago it became impossible to distinguish between primary and secondary (stress-related) depression 1. The stimulus-response models for both PTSD (one single, severe life event) and for exhaustion depression (multiple distressing life events) are placed within the anxiety disorders in the I...

We apply the dressing method to a string solution given by a static string wrapped around the equator of a three-sphere and find that the result is the single spike solution recently discussed in the literature. Further application of the method allows the construction of solutions with multiple spikes. In particular we construct the solution describing the scattering of two single spikes and c...

in this work, the blasius equation is studied. homotopy perturbation method (hpm) and homotopy analysis method (ham) are applied to obtain its solution. comparison with variational iteration method (vim) is made to highlight the significant features of employed methods and their capability of handling nonlinear problems. the outcome shows the success of (hpm) and (ham) for solving nonlinear pro...

UNLABELLED Anxiety is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but studies concerning specific anxiety disorders are scarce. Essential psychometric properties of anxiety rating scales are also lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate general anxiety disorder (GAD) in PD and psychometric properties of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A). METHOD Ninety-one PD patients underwent neurological and psy...

Type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) is considered a functional ingredient due to its positive organoleptic and physiochemical modifications associated with food and physiological benefits related to human health. The sensory characteristics of three types of food products (muffins, focaccia bread, and chicken curry) with and without HAM-RS2 were evaluated using a 9-point h...

Regulatory programs that control the specification of serotonergic neurons have been investigated by genetic mutant screens in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of a previously uncloned gene, ham-3, affects migration and serotonin antibody staining of the hermaphrodite-specific neuron (HSN) pair. We characterize these defects here in more detail, showing that the defects in serotonin an...