Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may persist into adulthood in a substantial proportion of affected youth, with rates differing between 15 (persistence of full syndrome) and 65% (partial remission) (Faraone et al. 2005). There is ample evidence that patients suffering from ADHD carry a heightened risk for other psychiatric disorders. Adults with ADHD show high rates of comorbidit...

The effects of slow intravenous infusion of three different respiratory stimulants (dimeftine, nikethamide and prethcamide) on minute and alveolar ventilation, blood gases and pH were studied in 18 patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema and chronic respiratory failure. For a more accurate assessment of the results of the double blind controlled trial, a factorial design in a Youden square sc...

Study selection Studies in English language were selected if they were controlled trials (crossover or parallel groups) comparing stimulants with placebo, were published in peer reviewed scientific journals, reported quantitative data on independent effects for aggression related behaviours, used a rating scale or method of observation to assess aggression related behaviours, and included child...

PURPOSE To determine the social contexts associated with the past-year substance use (multiple substances, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers) among U.S. high school seniors. METHODS A secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from 10 cohorts (2002-2011) of the Monitoring the Future study, including 24,809 high schoo...

Witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are the two most devastating root parasitic plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae and are causing enormous crop losses throughout the world. Seeds of these root parasites will not germinate unless they are exposed to chemical stimuli, 'germination stimulants' produced by and released from plant roots. Most of the ge...

There is strong evidence that the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine are both important in the pathophysiology of ADHD, as well as in the mechanism of therapeutic action of stimulant drugs. Due to the known effects of stimulants in blocking reuptake of catecholamines and (in the case of D-amphetamine) facilitating their release, it has traditionally been believed that the stimulants com...

This study established a simultaneous screening method based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) for the detection of 23 stimulants and 23 diuretics in human urine. An electrospray ionization source and multiple reaction monitoring were used for data acquisition. All stimulants and diuretics were separated in less than 12.52 min. The limits o...

New research has implicated a potential target in the treatment of stimulant abuse. As with opioid abuse, stimulant abuse consists of a primary group for substance abuse disorders. However, there is no medication for the treatment of stimulant abuse such as amphetamines, substrates for the dopamine transporter, and cocaine, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Stimulants have in common a capacity to ...

A rapid, reproducible and sensitive reversed phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the identification and semi-quantitative confirmation of stimulants in urine. The method is capable of separating compounds such as cocaine and metabolites, amphetamines, substituted cathinones and other designer drugs, with a total run time of 11 min. The method was...