objective: because of the host immunological system response against the minor blood groups of donor, transfusion in some cases, especially for patients require repeated transfusions (such as people with thalassemia), can be considered as a significant problem.  a proposed way is coating the surface antigens on red blood cells (rbcs) by covalent binding of methoxy polyethylene glycol (mpeg). th...

BACKGROUND Effective immunizations require a thorough, multi-step process, yet few studies comprehensively addressed issues around vaccination management. OBJECTIVES To assess variations in vaccination management and vaccination errors in primary care. METHODS A cross sectional, web-based questionnaire survey was performed among 1157 primary physicians from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: ...

Country-wide data from the 2008-2009 cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe came from the authors of Reyburn et al.4 Country-level data was used in this exercise due to the unavailability of adequate city-level data, as in the other illustrative examples. We fit this model with maximum-likelihood via iterated filtering (using the mif2 algorithm, an improved version of that described in Ionides et al5) st...

A key challenge for distributed systems is the problem of reconfiguration. Clearly, any production storage system that provides data reliability and availability for long periods must be able to reconfigure in order to remove failed or old servers and add healthy or new ones. This is far from trivial since we do not want the reconfiguration management to be centralized or cause a system shutdow...

Understanding and quantifying the dynamics of disordered out-of-equilibrium models is an important problem in many branches of science. Using the dynamic cavity method on time trajectories, we construct a general procedure for deriving the dynamic message-passing equations for a large class of models with unidirectional dynamics, which includes the zero-temperature random-field Ising model, the...

We explore the possibility that the present stage of accelerated expansion of the universe is due to the presence of a cosmic vector field. We show that vector theories allow for the generation of an accelerated phase without the introduction of potential terms or unnatural scales in the Lagrangian. We propose a particular model with the same number of parameters as ΛCDM and excellent fits to S...

This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on the theory of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. Introduction The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is a relic of a time when the universe was hot and dense, and as such it encodes a wealth of information about the early universe and the formation of the large-scale structure we see in the universe today. The ver...

Data race free (DRF) programs constitute an important class of concurrent programs. In this paper we provide a framework for designing and proving the correctness of data flow analyses that target this class of programs, and which are in the same spirit as the “sync-CFG” analysis originally proposed in [9]. To achieve this, we first propose a novel concrete semantics for DRF programs called L-D...

Abstract We investigate a class of Cardassian scenarios of the universe evolution in notions of the qualitative theory of dynamical systems. This theory allows us to analyze all solutions for all possible initial conditions on the phase plane. In the Cardassian models we find that big-rip singularities are present as a typical behavior in the future if n < 0. Some exact solutions for the flat C...