This paper investigates the optimal design of water distribution networks without storage capacity using mathematical optimization. Both micro-genetic algorithm and hydraulic simulation network are used to find diameters pipes network. The single-objective function optimization problem is total cost capital costs piping pump, operating under fulfillment minimum nodal pressure requirements. An m...

Abstract Liquefied natural gas (LNG), ethylene, ethane, propane, and other clean energy are often stored in a cryogenically frozen state on large scale. As the core equipment of cryogenic storage tanks, if different media stored, there certain differences design tanks. Although specifications differ little, is lack systematic research. This paper compares material, process, structure, construct...

Due to the entry of Taiwan into WTO and the recently liberalized Petroleum Management Law, the oil market in Taiwan is liberalized and thus is becoming more competitive. However, the space limitation and the residents’ increasing awareness of environmental protection issues in the island make international vendors unavoidably have to rent tanks from domestic oil companies. In order to help the ...

This paper investigates the induced stresses in circular single deck roofs floating on seismically excited storage tanks. Equations of motion are derived using variational principle. Response of deck floating roofs is evaluated for two different classes of ground motions; near-source and long-period far-field records. Besides time histories and frequency contents for a specific tank, peak value...

Thin walled cylindrical shells are important components of industrial structures such as liquid storage tanks, silos, etc. Shell buckling is usually a major failure mode of thin walled shells under extreme loads such as earthquakes. Longitudinal and radial stiffeners are generally used in order to increase buckling capacity of thin walled shells. During an earthquake, cylindrical shells may exp...

Household water in Oman, as well as in other countries in the region, is stored in tanks placed on house roofs that can be subjected to physicochemical factors which can promote microbial growth, including pathogens and opportunistic pathogens which pose health risks. Water samples were collected from 30 houses in a heavily populated suburb of Muscat. The tanks used were either glass reinforced...