The in-scene atmospheric compensation (ISAC) algorithm of Young et al. (2002) [14] (and as implemented in the ENVI software system [16] as ‘Thermal Atm Correction’) is commonly applied to thermal infrared multiand hyperspectral imagery (MSI and HSI, respectively). ISAC estimates atmospheric transmissivity and upwelling radiance using only the scene data. The ISAC-derived transmissivity and upwe...

Ultrafast dynamics of Dirac fermions near the Fermi surface in monolayer and multilayer graphene are revealed using optical pump mid-infrared probe spectroscopy. The energy loss rate of Dirac fermions is also determined via energy-resolved transient transmissivity spectra, which is significantly suppressed as the number of layers in graphene increases.

We carry out cosmological chemodynamical simulations with different strengths of supernova (SN) feedback and study how galactic winds from star-forming galaxies affect the features of hydrogen (HI) and metal (CIV and OVI) absorption systems in the intergalactic medium at high redshift. We find that the outflows tend to escape to low density regions, and hardly affect the dense filaments visible...

Abstract Well productivity after hydraulic fracturing is strongly affected by the flow behaviors in created fracture complexity. In this study, gas tests were conducted splitting fractures (induced Brazilian splitting) and (created fracturing) to study nonlinear fluid rough fractures. 3D surfaces first digitally reproduced with a scanner then geometry parameters (roughness profile index $$R_{p}...

Abstract Transmissivity of self-affine fractures was computed numerically as a function the grid size. One-million-node (1024 × 1024 nodes) with fractal dimensions 2.2–2.6 were cut into successively smaller (“generations”), and transmissivities computed. The number in each generation increased by factor 4. Considerable scatter transmissivity observed for sizes. Average decreased size, without a...

abstract diabetes mellitus is one of the major metabolic disorders. diabetes is recognized for severe complications including diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. long-lasting effect of hyperglycemia results in increased oxidative stress. oxidative stress results from an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging systems. increased oxidative stress has been shown t...

introduction: the brain glutamate neurotransmitter system and its nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in the incidence of the phenomena of sensitivity and addiction. the present study examined the inhibitory effect of glutamate nmda receptors in the nucleus accumbens in response to chronic stress. methods: after the unilateral and bilateral cannula placement in the nu...

Gamma aminobutyrate (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is thought to play an important role in the modulation of the central response to stress. Mechanisms by which GABA may facilitate these responses to stress are metabolic and/or mechanical disruptions. Environmental stresses increase GABA accumulation through cytosolic acidification, induce an acidic pH-dependent activation of glutamate...