The morphological distribution of primordial density peaks is assessed. Previous determinations, those of Peacock & Heavens (1985) and those of Bardeen et al. (1986) have contradictory concluded that there exist a tendency towards prolate or towards oblate shapes, respectively. By using two methods, the Hessian and the inertia tensor momenta we have performed numerical determinations of the tri...

Metastable austenitic CrNi steels undergo phase transformation when loaded or deformed plastically. In the current work a macroscopic and phenomenological constitutive model is presented to strain induced of austenite martensite. The approach based on previous works Olsen Cohen [1] & Stringfellow et al. [2]. kinetics modelled assumption that intersections shear bands in phase, act as potential ...

This review paper discusses the basic problems related to use of cohesive models simulate initiation and development failure in various types engineering issues. The most commonly used zone (CZMs) are described. Recent achievements field modeling characterized, with particular emphasis on problem mixed mode loading, influence strain rate, stress state triaxiality, fatigue. A separate chapter wo...

We present a deep near-infrared wide-angle photometric analysis of the structure of the inner Galactic bar and central disk. The presence of a triaxial structure at the centre of the Galaxy is confirmed, consistent with a bar inclined at 22±5.5 • from the Sun-Galactic centre line, extending to about 2.5 kpc from the Galactic centre and with a rather small axis ratio. A feature at ℓ=−9.8 • not a...

Notched tensile bars of a high strength structural steel were loaded to void coalescense. The resuIts show that the damage curve determined using radially loaded specimens is not valid for specimens under nonradial loading. The results of the experiments with different load histories of notched tensile bars show, that a single parameter criterion like a damage parameter is not sufficient to des...

This paper presents a new micromechanical model for a collection of cohesive zone models embedded between each mesh of a finite element-type discretization. It aims to forth fully extend the previous linear results of [1] to the calibration of damageable cohesive parameters (cohesive peak stress, critical opening displacement, cohesive energy, etc). The main idea of the approach consists in rep...

The plastic stability and ductile rupture under evolution of cavity-damage and local strength inhomogeneities are examined theoretically for uniaxial tension. Analytical solutions are derived for that arbitrary strain-induced formations modified to stress-triaxiality evolution during necking. With increasing rate of damage formation necking is enhanced and ductility as well as load drop reduces...

A phenomenological macroscopic plasticity model is developed for steels that exhibit strain-induced austenite-to-martensite transformation. The model makes use of a stress-state dependent transformation kinetics law that accounts for both the effects of the stress triaxiality and the Lode angle on the rate of transformation. The macroscopic strain hardening is due to nonlinear kinematic hardeni...

We investigate X-ray isophote twists created by triaxiality differences between the luminous stellar distributions and the dark halos in elliptical galaxies. For a typically oblate luminous galaxy embedded in a more prolate halo formed by dissipationless collapse, the triaxiality difference of ∆T ≃ 0.7 leads to typical isophote twists of 〈∆ψX〉 ≃ 16 ± 19 at 3 stellar effective radii. In a model ...