Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these issues, we measured resistance and tolerance to natural apical meristem damage (AMD) by rabbits in a large ...

Teacher-education students attending a state university in the Southeastern United States responded to measures of Christian conservatism (theological fundamentalism and political evangelicalism) and sociopolitical values (e.g., nationalism, internationalism, patriotism, respect for civil liberties, and tolerance of dissent). Most of the measures demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Alth...

A comprehensive graph theoretical and finite geometrical study of the commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N -qudits is performed in which vertices/points correspond to the operators and edges/lines join commuting pairs of them. As per two-qubits, all basic properties and partitionings of the corresponding Pauli graph are embodied in the geometry of the generalized q...

An R-module M is called strongly noncosingular if it has no nonzero Rad-small (cosingular) homomorphic image in the sense of Harada. It is proven that (1) an R-module M is strongly noncosingular if and only if M is coatomic and noncosingular; (2) a right perfect ring R is Artinian hereditary serial if and only if the class of injective modules coincides with the class of (strongly) noncosingula...

This paper generalizes the idea of strongly associative hyperoperation introduced in [7]  to the class of hyperrings. We introduce and investigate hyperrings of type 1, type 2 and SDIS. Moreover, we study some examples of these hyperrings and give a new kind of hyperrings called  totally hyperrings. Totally hyperrings give us a characterization of Krasner hyperrings. Also, we investigate these ...

We present a novel probabilistic framework to learn across several subjects a mapping from brain anatomical connectivity to functional connectivity, i.e. the covariance structure of brain activity. This prediction problem must be formulated as a structured-output learning task, as the predicted parameters are strongly correlated. We introduce a model selection framework based on cross-validatio...

A comprehensive graph theoretical and finite geometrical study of the commutation relations between the generalized Pauli operators of N -qudits is performed in which vertices/points correspond to the operators and edges/lines join commuting pairs of them. As per two-qubits, all basic properties and partitionings of the corresponding Pauli graph are embodied in the geometry of the generalized q...

A sequence of questions was designed to quantify the within subject variation of exercise tolerance limited by breathlessness, to serve as a guide to variation in airflow limitation for epidemiological purposes. The questions seek answers about breathlessness in relation to various levels of attempted activity when the subjects are at their best and at their worst. The difference between exerci...