Abstract. EFL student teachers should support learner-centered approach to learning because it developed autonomy and benefited them in life-long pursuit of knowledge. However, anecdotal evidence showed that some still preferred teacher-centered approach. This mixed-method study was conducted find out: (1) whether there a significant relationship between the preference learner- or instructions ...

Introduction: The Complex Context of Learning and The Design of Instruction A central argument of this paper is that there is a common basis for the failure of many instructional systems. The claim is that these deficiencies in the outcomes of learning, are strongly influenced by underlying biases and assumptions in the design of instruction which represent the instructional domain and its asso...

Long’s Interactional Input Hypothesis and Smith’s Input Enhancement Hypothesis hold both foci on Zellig Harris's (1976) formalist approach. Accordingly, the pivotal role of learner’s attention as one of the subcomponents of focus-on-form approach may have confused instruction types. However, whether such learning theories on drawing learners' attention on target language forms suit all types of...

Extensible processors are application-specific instruction set processors (ASIPs) that allow for customisation through user-defined instruction set extensions (ISE) implemented in an extended micro architecture. Traditional design flows for ISE typically involve a large number of different tools for processing of the target application written in C, ISE identification, generation, optimisation ...

The Instruction-Set Extensions problem has been one of the major topic in the last years and it consists of the addition of a set of new complex instructions to a given Instruction-Set. This problem in its general formulation requires an exhaustive search of the design space to identify the candidate instructions. This search turns into an exponential complexity of the solution. In this paper w...

As chemical engineering education moves into the new millennium, it is incumbent on educators to provide a modern curriculum for process design, yet mindful of the limited time for instruction that is available. This paper addresses three key components of a chemical engineering curriculum that prepare undergraduates to be effective process designers in industry: (a) a structured approach relyi...

Existing systems are able to learn information agents through demonstration that provide programmatic access to web-based information. However it is still difficult for end users to combine these information agents in procedures that are customized to their particular needs. We combine learning by demonstration with learning by instruction to build a system to learn such procedures with a small...

Software protection via obscurity is now considered fundamental for securing software systems. This paper proposes a framework for obfuscating the program interpretation instead of obfuscating the program itself. The obfuscated interpretation enables us to hide functionality of a given program P unless the interpretation being taken is revealed. The proposed framework employs a finite state mac...