Shunting inhibition, a conductance increase with a reversal potential close to the resting potential of the cell, has been shown to have a divisive effect on subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. It has therefore been assumed to have the same divisive effect on firing rates. We show that shunting inhibition actually has a subtractive effect on the firing rate in most circum...

We demonstrate a TE/TM polarization-independent plasmonic subtractive color filtering scheme employing ultrathin two-dimensional Ag nanodisks. These TE/TM polarization-independent subtractive color filters exhibit small feature sizes (below 200 nm) and high transmission up to 70% in the visible spectral region, superior to previously reported plasmonic color filters. Simulated optical transmiss...

We investigate the key management problem for broadcasting applications. Previous work showed that batch rekeying can be more cost-effective than individual rekeying. Under the assumption that every user has probability p of being replaced by a new user during a batch rekeying period, we study the structure of the optimal key trees. Constant bounds on both the branching degree and the subtree s...

In this paper, we propose novel representation of binary trees, named the balanced ternary-tree representation. We examine flexible division of binary trees in which we can divide a tree at any node rather than just at the root, and introduce the ternary-tree representation for the flexible division. Due to the flexibility of division, for any binary tree, balanced or ill-balanced, there is alw...

The late detection of the kick (the entrance of underground fluids into oil wells) leads to oil well blowouts. It causes human life loss and imposes a great deal of expenses on the petroleum industry. This paper presents the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system designed for an earlier kick detection using measurable drilling parameters. In order to generate the initial fuzzy inf...

Given an epimorphism φ: Π → Π' between projective planes Π and Π', it is an open question how the groups of projectivities of Π and Π' (regarded as permutation groups on projective lines) are related. Within this note we will not answer this sophisticated and hard problem in full, but we will address the question to which extend the projectivities of Π induce permutations on the lines of Π ' wh...

Let E1 be the near hexagon on 729 points related to the extended ternary Golay code. We prove in an entirely geometricway that the generating and embedding ranks ofE1 are equal to 24. We also study the structure of the universal embeddinge of E1. More precisely, we consider several nice subgeometries A of E1 and determine which kind of embeddingeA is, whereeA is the embedding of A induced by...

In this paper we introduce the notions of pure ideals, weakly pure ideals in ternary semigroups. We also de ne purely prime ideals of a ternary semigroup and study some properties of these ideals. The space of purely prime two-sided ideal is topologized.

rainfall-runoff is one of complex hydrological processes that is affected by a variety of physical and hydrological factors. in this study statistical method armax model, neural network, neuro-fuzzy (anfis subtractive clustering and grid partition) and two hybrid models of this methods were used to simulate rainfall-runoff and prediction of streamflow. in each method optimum structure was deter...

Superior electronic properties of graphene make it a substitute candidate for beyond-CMOSnanoelectronics in electronic devices such as the field-effect transistors (FETs), tunnel barriers, andquantum dots. The armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs), which have semiconductor behavior,are used to design the digital circuits. This paper presents a new design of ternary half a...