Maize streak virus (MSV), which causes maize streak disease (MSD), is one of the most serious biotic threats to African food security. Here, we use whole MSV genomes sampled over 30 years to estimate the dates of key evolutionary events in the 500 year association of MSV and maize. The substitution rates implied by our analyses agree closely with those estimated previously in controlled MSV evo...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect an early application potassium (K) fertilizer on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) grown during fall/winter performance maize (Zea mays silage in succession. Using a randomized block design, harvest, plots were composed and six doses K (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 150 kg K2O ha-1) as muriate potash (57% K2O) addition fallow. In summer cultivation...

Over the past decade, scientific studies have increasingly concentrated on effects of global phosphorus (P) scarcity food security. A comprehensive strategy that considers demand reduction and recycling possibilities is needed to address P scarcity. Reduced tillage along with crop residue retention could decrease fixation in soil, improve labile content enhance organic-P (Po) buildup its minera...

The combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer plays a role in increasing crop yield nutrient efficiency, but such effectiveness varies with crop, soil, management, climate. Here, 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects substituting on yield, grain protein content, nitrogen phosphorus efficiency under winter wheat-summer maize cropping system Anthrosol. Five tr...

Tillage practices can redistribute the soil profiles, and thus affects soil organic carbon (SOC), and its storage. The stratification ratio (SR) can be an indicator of soil quality. This study was conducted to determine tillage effects on the profile distribution of certain soil properties in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) systems in the North China Plain (NC...

One of the challenges to increase milk production in a large pasture-based herd with an automatic milking system (AMS) is to grow forages within a 1-km radius, as increases in walking distance increases milking interval and reduces yield. The main objective of this study was to explore sustainable forage option technologies that can supply high amount of grazeable forages for AMS herds using th...

Nitrogen (N) is a nutrient element necessary for plant growth and development. However, excessive inputs of N will lead to inefficient use and large N losses to the environment, which can adversely affect air and water quality, biodiversity and human health. To examine the effects of controlled-release fertilisers (CRF) on yield, we measured ammonia volatilisation, N use efficiency (NUE) and ph...

Root system architecture plays a vital role in plant growth, development, and adaptation by absorbing water nutrients providing mechanical support for growing plants. Unfortunately, little information is available the literature on root dynamics of summer mung bean under conservation agriculture conditions. In this study, field experiments were conducted during seasons two consecutive years (20...