Monte Carlo simulations of pattern-dependent charging during oxide etching predict that the etch rate scaling with aspect ratio breaks down when surface discharge currents are significant. Under conditions of ion-limited etching and no inhibitor deposition, the etch depth depends on the maximum incident ion energy, reaction threshold, and surface discharge threshold, and is the same irrespectiv...

The fluorination of the polymer polyethylene terephthalate in plasma created from SF₆ or CF₄ gas at various pressures was investigated. The surface was analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle measurements, whereas the plasma was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. The extent of the polymer surface fluorination was dependent on the pressure. Up to a thres...

The eolian transport of surface material on the planet Mars is estimated from results of low-pressure wind tunnel testing and theoretical considerations. A semiempirical re ation is developed that will estimate the total amount of surface material moving in eolian saltation, suspension, and surface traction. The estimated total mass movement of surface material per unit width time on the surfac...

in this research, air sampling of workplaces was carried out by two methods (long - time and short - time). the mean formaldehyde concentration with long - time method in pathology labs, surgery and endoscopy sections were 0.96 0.25 and 0.13 ppm and with short - time method, 8 hours, was 3, 0.3 and 0.2 ppm. the mean formaldehyde concentration in pathology labs was above the standard values (tlv...

a b s t r a c t there are three types of nerve fibers that are involved in the transmission of pain stimuli: c fibers (slower fibers) for thermal, mechanical and chemical stimuli, a-delta fibers for thermal or mechanical stimuli and a-beta fibers for touch stimuli. clinically, this is crucial in making an accurate assessment of the pain level experienced by a suffering patient, in indicating th...

We present a method for frame coherent texturing and hatching of 3D models with a discrete set of colors. Our technique is inspired by various artistic styles that use a limited set of colors to convey surface shape and texture. In previous research discrete color shading was produced by modifying smooth shading with a threshold function. We extend this approach and specify threshold values wit...

Physicians working in hospitals face challenges when it comes to understanding and meeting the medical, legal, and ethical subjects outlined in the hospital bylaws. Hospital staff physicians and the hospital administration both aspire for high quality medical care and the assurance of patient safety. Unfortunately, when quality concerns surface, there can be reasonable differences of opinion as...

We report the first results of a detailed study of the star formation law in a sample of 32 nearby spiral galaxies with well-measured rotation curves, HI and H2 (as traced by CO) surface density profiles, and new Hα CCD photometry. In this paper we present an atlas of Hα images and radial surface brightness profiles and describe a surface-density threshold in the star formation law. Prominent b...

Surface wave experiments confirm predictions of a threshold amplitude for droplet ejection. Droplet ejection and spray originate from highly focused surface singularities in the simplest states. The threshold is found to be dependent on forcing frequency and surface tension in accordance with a simple scaling theory presented here. Linear stability analysis indicates that the dynamics of the ej...