tone is functionally as resistance to passive movement. it is separated into postural tone and phasic tone. phasic tone is the result of rapid stretching of a tendon and the muscle spindle, however postural tone is the result of a steady, restrained strech on muscles. hypottonia is a decreased resistance to passive movement. the term floppy is frequently used to describe hypotonic children. in ...

Purpose. MaQaid (MaQ) is a new triamcinolone acetonide commercialised in Japan to visualize the vitreous. Because MaQ is preservative-free, it has a lower risk of ocular toxicities. However, since MaQ is only available as a powder, it needs suspenssion. Suspension does not always result uniformally, which causes poor visibility. This study reports a new MaQ suspension for better visibility. Met...

To explore whether an environment of weightlessness will cause damage to the reproductive system of animals, we used the tail-suspension model to simulate microgravity, and investigated the effect of microgravity on the tissue structure and function of the testis in sexually mature male rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly assigned to three groups (N = 16 each): c...

Pharmaceutical countermeasures to treat disuse osteoporosis are rarely studied. Pharmaceutical studies for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis depend on the ovariectomized rat model, which is a suitable model for the disease in women. Disuse osteoporosis affects men and women, but there is lack of awareness and relevant pharmaceutical studies for this condition. The objectives of this ...

Three-dimensional femoral trabecular architecture was investigated in tail-suspended young growing rats and the effects of jump exercise during the period of tail-suspension were also examined. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly assigned to three body weight-matched groups: a tail suspended group (SUS, n = 8); a sedentary control group (CON, n = 8) and rats primed with jump ...

In the simple suspension method, intended medicine is suspended in hot water when administered to a patient by tube. Suspension of laxative, magnesium oxide reported hydrolyze ester-type drugs. Because several angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have ester bonds their structure, may cause incompatibility with an ACE inhibitor. The purpose this study was clarify effect on stability ei...

The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of antiorthostatic suspension, a ground-based modeling system employed to simulate certain aspects of weightlessness that occur during space flight, on the capacity of mice to resist infection with the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Female BDF1 mice were suspended by the tail in the orthostatic or ant...

The equivalent circuit method (ECM) was applied in the analysis of the membrane potential distribution in spherical membranes suspended in electrolytic solution. Numerical results are in agreement with the analytical cosine distribution for a single membrane in an uniform electric field. However, for a suspension of membranes, the numerical results show that the potential is distorted from the ...