Valinomycin in the presence of potassium is a potent uncoupler of corn (Zea mays L.) mitochondria, eliminating respiratory control. Valinomycin produces higher steady state potassium phosphate swelling which can be reversed to give active shrinkage if mersalyl is added to block the Pi(-)/OH(-) antiporter. Respiration declines concurrently. Uncouplers accelerate the shrinkage and restore the res...

Expansive soils swell when they absorb water and shrink when water evaporates from them. Hence, lightly loaded civil engineering structures founded in these soils are subjected to severe distress. Therefore, there is a need to ameliorate or improve these swelling soils through some innovative methods. This paper discusses chemical stabilisation of expansive soils, a technique in which chemical ...

The mechanism of water permeation across the sarcolemma was characterized by examining the kinetics and temperature dependence of osmotic swelling and shrinkage of rabbit ventricular myocytes. The magnitude of swelling and the kinetics of swelling and shrinkage were temperature dependent, but the magnitude of shrinkage was very similar at 6 degrees, 22 degrees, and 37 degrees C. Membrane hydrau...

Duck red cells exhibit specific volume-sensitive ion transport processes that are inhibited by furosemide, but not by ouabain. Swelling cells in a hypotonic synthetic medium activates a chloride-dependent, but sodium-independent, potassium transport. Shrinking cells in a hypertonic synthetic medium stimulates an electrically neutral co-transport of [Na + K + 2 Cl] with an associated 1:1 K/K (or...

We present a molecular dynamics study of force patterns, tensile strength and crack formation in a cohesive granular model where the particles are subjected to swelling or shrinkage gradients. Non-uniform particle size change generates self-equilibrated forces that lead to crack initiation as soon as strongest tensile contacts begin to fail. We find that the coarse-grained stresses are correctl...

In this study, the physical properties (oven-dry density, basic volumetric shrinkage, and swelling) structural components (cellulose, lignin, extractives content) of three wild almond wood species from southwestern Iran, namely Amygdalus arabica, eburna, scoparia, were investigated. Wild is a valuable in Zagros forests but there lack data on their properties. Three adult trees each chosen, samp...

Mechanical responses of the amphibian nerve-skin preparation to adrenergic stimulation were investigated by recording pressure changes at the skin surface with a piezoelectric sensor. When a dilute epinephrine (or norepinephrine) solution was applied to the inner skin surface, repetitive mechanical responses, representing quick swelling of the skin repeating at more or less regular intervals of...