Infrared lasers have been widely used for noninvasive surgical applications in human medicine, and their results are reliable, predictable, and reproducible. Infrared lasers have recently been designed for the express purpose of providing a less painful, more precise beak-trimming method compared with conventional beak trimming. This study was designed to examine the potential of the infrared (...

Abstract Climate change and disturbance make it difficult to project long‐term patterns of carbon sequestration in tropical forests, but large ecosystem experiments these forests can inform predictions. The Canopy Trimming Experiment (CTE) manipulates two key components hurricane disturbance, canopy openness detritus deposition, a forest Puerto Rico. We documented how the CTE real affected tree...

A simple odd number frequency divider with 50% duty cycle is presented. The odd number frequency divider consists of a general odd number counter and the proposed duty cycle trimming circuit. The duty cycle trimming circuit can output 50% duty cycle with only additional six transistors. A prototype divide-by-5 circuit with 50% duty cycle was implemented for a 500-Mb/s ∼ 5.6-Gb/s 1:10 CDR/DEMUX ...

Abstract An implementation in CMOS technology of a Floating-Gate Analog Memory Cell and Programming Environment is presented. A digital closed-loop control compares a reference value set by user and the memory output and after cycling, the memory output is updated and the new value stored. The circuit can be used as analog trimming for VLSI applications where mechanical trimming associated with...

Next Generation Sequencing is having an extremely strong impact in biological and medical research and diagnostics, with applications ranging from gene expression quantification to genotyping and genome reconstruction. Sequencing data is often provided as raw reads which are processed prior to analysis 1 of the most used preprocessing procedures is read trimming, which aims at removing low qual...

The grass trimming machine is a widely used agricultural machine for cutting grass by the roadside and in other areas in Malaysia. Hand-arm vibration (HAV) syndrome is very common among workers operating power tools and performing similar work for extended periods. Grass trimming involves the use of a motorized cutter spinning at high speed, resulting in high levels of HAV among its operators. ...

An iterative trimmed and truncated arithmetic mean (ITTM) algorithm is proposed, and the ITTM filters are developed. Here, trimming a sample means removing it and truncating a sample is to replace its value by a threshold. Simultaneously trimming and truncating enable the proposed filters to attenuate the mixed additive and exclusive noise in an effective way. The proposed trimming and truncati...

Phase change materials (PCMs) have long been used as a storage medium in rewritable compact disk and later random access memory. In recent years, the integration of PCMs with nanophotonic structures has introduced new paradigm for non-volatile reconfigurable optics. However, high loss archetypal PCM Ge2Sb2Te5 both visible telecommunication wavelengths fundamentally limited its applications. Sb2...

We develop a class of Minimum Distance Estimators for semi-strong Nonlinear ARMAX-Nonlinear GARCH processes. The estimators are asymptotically normal for possibly very heavy-tailed data due to underlying shocks and/or model parameter values. In particular we only impose trivial moment conditions on the GARCH errors, covering non-stationary GARCH. The MDE class is couched within a Method of Mome...

Antigenic peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules for recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are processed by members of the oxytocinase sub-family of M1 aminopeptidases ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP. These three homologous zinc metallopeptidases trim N-terminally extended precursor antigenic peptides down to the correct length for loading onto the MHC-I bu...