The history of the development Islam in Indonesia often fails because rejection local community. Therefore, it is necessary to make ethical efforts so that society can accept Islam. This research an attempt explain Mantra by Sunan Kalijaga (after this referred as SKM) a medium for spreading uses qualitative paradigm. primary data source spell text Serat Kidungan ingkang Jangkep . Data analysis ...

In this paper I address the phenomenon of syncretism in German and show how Flickinger (2000)’s approach to related issues in English can be adapted to provide a compact, disjunction-free representation of German nominal paradigms by means of combined case/number/gender type hierarchies. In particular, I will discuss the issue of case identity constraints in German coordinate structures, which ...

Abstract This paper explores the middle voice in Kagulu, a Bantu language of Tanzania. Although not traditionally recognized languages, recent research has asserted that is attested some languages. We propose eight affixes might be considered markers, Kagulu two are part system, each one coding different detransitivizing voices. argue that, from diachronic viewpoint, underdeveloped syncretism K...

Whereas shrines in Africa, and to a lesser extent their links with medicine and healing, have been extensively studied by historians and anthropologists, they have been largely neglected by archaeologists. Focus has been placed upon palaeopathology when medicine is considered in archaeological contexts. Difficulties certainly exist in defining medicine shrines, substances and practices archaeol...