Instrument–tissue interaction forces in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) provide valuable information that can be used to haptic perception, monitor tissue trauma, develop training guidelines, and evaluate the skill level of novice expert surgeons. Force tactile sensing is lost many robot-assisted (RAS) systems. Therefore, researchers have focused on recovering this through systems estimation a...

The unauthorized usage of various services and resources in cloud computing is something that must be protected against. Authentication access control are the most significant concerns computing. Several researchers this field suggest numerous approaches to enhance authentication towards robustness. User names associated passwords have been a common practice for long as Single Factor Authentica...

Federated learning is a distributed machine technique that trains global model by exchanging parameters or intermediate results among multiple data sources. Although federated achieves physical isolation of data, the local clients are still at risk leakage under attack malicious individuals. For this reason, combining protection techniques (e.g., differential privacy techniques) with sure way t...