The iteration of complex function can generate beautiful fractal images. This paper presents a novel method based on the iteration of the distance ratio with two points, which generates a generalized Mandelbrot set according to distance ratio convergence times. This paper states the definition of distance ratio and its iteration. Then taking the complex function f(z)=z+c for example, it discuss...

Target tracking is one of the most important applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially for the urgent event of interest. In this paper we propose a new clustering algorithm beside our accurate prediction mechanism which was proposed previously, that detects and tracks a moving target, and alerts head nodes along the predicted path of the target. The main advantages of proposed...

Hydrodynamic of a turbulent impinging jet on a flat plate has been studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments were conducted for the Reynolds number range of 72000 to 102000 and a fixed jet-to-plate dimensionless distance of H/d=3.5. Based on the experimental setup, a multi-phase numerical model was simulated to predict flow properties of impinging jets using two turbulent models. Mesh...

To better understand the complex phenomena occurring inside furnaces with direct flame impingement and extend existent studies to situations multiple enclosed jets, numerical simulations of a radial array four turbulent confined jets impinging on cylinder are presented. The three-dimensional, incompressible, steady, averaged equations for transport mass, momentum, energy species were solved. Tu...

Retention forestry, including the retention of woodland key habitats (WKH) at the forest stand scale, has become an essential management practice in boreal forests. Here, we investigate the spatial distribution of 9470 habitat patches, mapped according to the Complementary Habitat Inventory method (CHI habitats), as potential WKHs in 10 sample areas in Norway. We ask whether there are parts of ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of geometric uncertainties of patient position on treatments of multiple nonisocentric intracranial lesions. The average distance between lesions in patients with multiple targets was determined by a retrospective survey of patients with multiple lesions. Retrospective patient imaging data from fractionated stereotactic patients were used t...

Positioning accuracy with Landmarc localization systems in the literature is around 2 meters. In this study, a reference node topology is introduced and 3-NN weighted algorithm is utilized to determine the unknown target locations. Firstly, target localization is carried out by using simple Landmarc system. Secondly, two stage 3-NN algorithm is deployed to estimate the target location. Finally,...

In order to test if an unknown matrix has a given rank (null hypothesis), we consider the family of statistics that are minimum squared distances between an estimator and the manifold of fixed-rank matrix. Under the null hypothesis, every statistic of this family converges to a weighted chi-squared distribution. In this paper, we introduce the constrained bootstrap to build bootstrap estimate o...

Mahalanobis-type distances in which the shape matrix is derived from a consistent, high-breakdown robust multivariate location and scale estimator have an asymptotic chisquared distribution as is the case with those derived from the ordinary covariance matrix. For example, Rousseeuw’s minimum covariance determinant (MCD) is a robust estimator with a high breakdown. However, even in quite large ...

BACKGROUND The hyomental distance ratio is defined as the ratio of the hyomental distances in neutral position and at head extension. The aim of the study was to establish the diagnostic utility as predictor of difficult intubation. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, the assessment of the airway was performed in 70 patients (35 male and 35 female, 15-75 years old) undergoing general anesthes...