BACKGROUND Currently, there is limited data on the risk factors associated with treatment delay in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). This study aimed to assess the duration of delay in the treatment TBM and to investigate its determinants. METHODS During the period from September 2009 to February 2016, a retrospective cohort study of consecutive TBM patients admitted to our hospital was conducted...

In this paper, we explore the fundamental physics behind the application of electrical resistivity and induced polarization during tunnel boring machine (TBM) mining. Using finite element (FE) analysis, we model the electric field created when current is injected into the surrounding ground via electrodes in the TBM cutterhead. The FE analysis simulates a variety of materials and conditions inc...

The paper presents an approach to joint tracking and classification based on belief functions as understood in the transferable belief model (TBM). The TBM model is identical to the classical model except all probability functions are replaced by belief functions, which are more flexible for representing uncertainty. It is felt that the tracking phase is well handled by the classical Kalman fil...

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains a major cause of death and disability in tuberculosis-endemic areas, especially in young children and immunocompromised adults. Research aimed at improving outcomes is hampered by poor standardization, which limits study comparison and the generalizability of results. We propose standardized methods for the conduct of TBM clinical research that were drafted ...

This paper presents an innovative competitive approach for high-tech industries, named Technology Based Marketing (TBM). This approach is compared with other eight business approaches. Nowadays, competition is changing and becoming more dynamic and therefore more difficult. Hence, technology can be leveraged to a source of competitiveness. With the TBM approach, three types of technology can be...

Tensor based morphology (TBM) is a powerful approach to analyze local structural changes in brain anatomy. However, conventional scalar TBM methods are unable to present direction-specific analysis of volume changes required to model complex changes such as those during brain growth. In this paper, we describe novel TBM descriptors for studying direction-specific changes in a subject population...

The local production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) was evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from ten patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The degree of intrathecal immune activation was also studied by assessing the CSF levels of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-M) and adenosine deaminase activity (ADA). Results indicate that elevated CSF concentrations of TNFalpha, beta...

Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of world's population is infected with tuberculosis, but only 10% of them will develop the clinical disease (1). Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) was first described as a distinct pathological entity in 1836 (2). At present, TBM is the fifth most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States (US) a...

OBJECTIVES Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a major clinical and public health problem, both for diagnosis and management. We compare two established scoring systems, Thwaites and the Lancet consensus scoring system for the diagnosis of TB and compare the clinical outcome in a tertiary care setting. METHODS We analyzed 306 patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection over a 5-year peri...

PURPOSE High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory, DAMP protein that participates in many pathological conditions. In this study, we evaluated the usability of CSF HMGB1 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). METHODS A total of 59 TBM patients and 169 control patients were included in our study. CSF samples were obtained and analyzed for HMGB1 using a c...