Neuroimaging and lesion studies have implicated specific prefrontal cortex locations in subjective memory awareness. Based on this evidence, a rostrocaudal organization has been proposed whereby increasingly anterior prefrontal regions are increasingly involved in memory awareness. We used theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) to temporarily modulate dorsolateral versus frontopola...

BACKGROUND The category "atypical glandular cells" (AGC) in The Bethesda System (TBS) 2001 represents equivocal glandular atypia. The objective was to determine the clinical significance of diagnosing AGC using new TBS 2001 on Thin-Prep. There is scant information on the diagnosis of AGC and its outcome on ThinPrep using TBS 2001. METHODS 174 "ThinPrep" Pap tests reported as atypical glandula...

Major depressive disorder is associated with increased mortality, significant morbidity, and substantial impairments in functioning. It is estimated that by the year 2020, depression will be second only to heart disease in terms of disease burden as measured by disability-adjusted life years (Murray and Lopez, 1996). Treatment-resistant depression is conventionally defined as a failure to respo...

Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a protocol of subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) inducing changes in cortical excitability. From functional imaging studies with conventional subthreshold rTMS protocols, it remains unclear what type of modulation occurs (direction and dependency to neural activity) and whether putative effects are bound to unspecific changes in cer...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a form of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory; thus knowing its developmental profile is fundamental to understanding function. Like memory, LTP has multiple phases with distinct timing and mechanisms. The late phase of LTP (L-LTP), lasting longer than 3 h, is protein synthesis dependent and involves changes in the structure and content of dendritic sp...

In adult hippocampus, long-term potentiation (LTP) produces synapse enlargement while preventing the formation of new small dendritic spines. Here, we tested how LTP affects structural synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA1 of Long-Evans rats at postnatal day 15 (P15). P15 is an age of robust synaptogenesis when less than 35% of dendritic spines have formed. We hypothesized that LTP might ...

Decreased lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS), a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived image texture measurement, is a risk factor for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture (HF) independent of 10-year fracture probability estimated using FRAX. We determined how often applying the TBS adjustment to fracture probability altered treatment qualification. Using a populatio...

BACKGROUND "Telemark Breast Score" (TBS) has been developed at Telemark Hospital in Norway for evaluation of results after breast surgery based on standardized patients' photographs taken as a part of daily routine. Its reliability has recently been tested and approved. The external validity of the TBS was assessed by matching its data against the internationally recognized Breast-Q (BQ) questi...

Natural killer cells (NK) are essential for the elimination of resistant acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AML and ALL) cells. NK cell-based immunotherapies have already successfully entered for clinical trials, but limitations due to immune escape mechanisms were identified. Therefore, we extended our established NK cell protocol by integration of the previously investigated powe...

Human cortical excitability can be modified by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but the cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the pattern of delivery of theta-burst stimulation (TBS) (continuous versus intermittent) differently modifies electric activity and protein expression in the rat neocortex. Intermittent TBS (iTBS), but not continuous TBS (cTBS),...