Aim: To evaluate mood status in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES). Methods: The study comprised of 78 eyes of 78 patients which were divided into two groups. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, tear-film break-up time (TBUT), and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II) tests were used to assess the patients. All variables were compared within 2 groups. Results: In patients wi...

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an increase in age-related prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and its higher occurrence women. In addition to alterations structures producing tear film, the reduction androgen levels other regulating hormones is important for DED development. The role estrogens progesterone regulation lacrimal meibomian gland activity still disputable. Additional factors de...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperosmolarity is a central mechanism causing ocular surface inflammation and eye irritation in typical patients suffering from tear dysfunction. Tear composition in dry eyes, or dysfunctional tear syndrome, may destabilize the tear film and cause ocular surface epithelial disease. Increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, plays a critical role...

Great strides have recently been made in quantitative measurements of tear film thickness and thinning, mathematical modeling thereof and linking these to sensory perception. This paper summarizes recent progress in these areas and reports on new results. The complete blink cycle is used as a framework that attempts to unify the results that are currently available. Understanding of tear film d...

PURPOSE To investigate the immune response of human conjunctival epithelium to hyperosmolar stress. METHODS Tear osmolarity was measured in 15 normal subjects and 25 dry eye (DE) patients; conjunctival imprint cytology samples were obtained at the nasal bulbar area. Subconfluent primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (pHCECs) and human conjunctival organ cultures (hCOCs), both cultured i...

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dyplasia (XLHED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia. It often presents with ocular symptoms, already in early childhood. Multiple ophthalmological tests are available, but in early childhood only tests of lower invasiveness can be applied. We have evaluated tear film tests and ocular surface staining as screening methods in pediatric patients with s...