The solvent plays an important role in a given chemical reaction. Since most reaction in nature occur in the mixed-solvent systems, a comprehensive principle for solvent optimization was required. By calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) distance Ra, we designed a model experiment to explore the influence of mixed solvents on the chemical synthesis. The synthesis of polydopamine (P...

Photophysics of the 2-[4-(dimethylamino) styryl]-1-methylquinolinium iodide (DASQMI) molecule has been studied in different solvents by steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy and also with quantum chemical calculations. The probe molecule exhibits a strong solvent-polarity-dependent characteristic. The low-energy fluorescence band of DASQMI shows an anomalous 40 nm blue shift in w...

Up to the onset of ligand escape from the heme pocket, CO binding to myoglobin can be explained by stochastic motion of the protein subject to an effective, temperature-dependent potential. Two "temperature-models" for the effective potential are investigated. The quantitative solution of the transient Smoluchowski equation for these models shows inhomogeneous kinetics at short times and protei...

The activity coefficient is largely considered an empirical parameter that was traditionally introduced to correct the non-ideality observed in thermodynamic systems such as osmotic pressure. Here, the activity coefficient of free-solvent is related to physically realistic parameters and a mathematical expression is developed to directly predict the activity coefficients of free-solvent, for aq...

The temperature dependence of the solvent reorganization energy for intramolecular electron transfer (ET) in acetonitrile is measured experimentally and calculated theoretically. The Stokes shifts for the charge transfer, optical transitions of (tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-ylidene)propanedinitrile indicate that the solvent reorganization energy for ET decreases with temperature, whereas dielectri...

methanesulfonic acid (msa) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1-substituted-1h-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles. a series of 1-substituted tetrazole compounds were synthesized from the reaction of various primary amines, sodium azide and triethyl orthoformate in the presence of catalytic amounts of msa at room temperature. in this protocol, some of the tetrazole derivatives were synth...

By adopting the technique of pre-regulator, a high PSRR and low temperature coefficient piecewise-linear bandgap reference (BGR) is designed for analog and mixed-signal application in this paper. The piecewise-linear BGR with pre-regulator, which is analyzed and simulated in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process, has simple circuit architecture. Simulation results show that piecewise-linear BGR with pre-reg...

Abstract The homophase polymerization of acrylic acid is carried out in a solution poly(butyl acrylate) trithiocarbonate (PBATC) mixed solvent 2-propanol–water. phase diagram the three-component PBATC-2-propanol–water system at 22°C obtained. region compositions semidilute solutions determined. AA 70°C, which with respect to PBATC similar thermodynamic quality θ-solvent 22°, yields narrowly dis...