E pilepsy affects millions worldwide and women of childbearing age constitute between 25% and 40% of all patients with epilepsy. Estimates based on the population in the United States in the 1990s approximate that 25,000 children are born to women with epilepsy (WWE) annually. For WWE who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, providers should consider the potential risks regarding seizur...

Background Despite increasing reports of successful pregnancies whilst using Efavirenz (EFZ), the drug remains Category C during pregnancy due to concerns around teratogenicity [1]. Additionally, EFZ can render many hormonal methods of contraception less effective. For these reasons, UK guidance suggests that HIV positive women should be informed of these effects before commencing treatment [2]...

would suggest that the enzyme responsible for mediumchain fatty acid activation is not active at this time. The lack of antagonism of salicylate and octanoate against the embryotoxic effects of valproate is also compatible with the mechanisms of teratogenicity and hepatotoxicity being fundamentally different. Although these data rule out one possibility, they provide little direct information o...

Thalidomide is a potent teratogen causing dysmelia (stunted limb growth) in humans. We have demonstrated that orally administered thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis induced by basic fibroblast growth factor in a rabbit cornea micropocket assay. Experiments including the analysis of thalidomide analogs revealed that the antiangiogenic activity correlated with the teratogenicity but not ...

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) conducted a national household survey of drug use in 1990, completing interviews with 9,259 people. Of all women surveyed, 78.7 percent reported they had drunk alcohol in their lifetime (NIDA 1991a). Sixty­one percent drank in the past year, and 44.1 percent drank in the past month. Women were generally light drinkers: 19 percent drank less often than...

Dipterex was teratogenic after administration by gavage (t.i.d.) at a dose level of 480 mg/kg-day to the CP rat on days 6 through 15 of gestation, but not when administered only on days 8 or 10 of gestation. A positive teratogenic response also occurred in the hamster after administration on days 7 through 11 of gestation at 400 mg/kg-day; the apparent no-effect level for the criteria studied w...

This article puts into perspective the controversy between the association of the use of misoprostol for abortion and teratogenicity studies of the type found in a case report. The use of herbal medicinal drugs and the medical-obstetric and national and international norms governing the registration and circulation of pharmaceutical products were examined. Official documents of ANVISA, the Mini...

BACKGROUND/AIM The mechanism of valproic acid (VPA)-induced teratogenicity is poorly known. This study was carried out to probe into the potential consequences of nitric oxide (NO) deprivation on VPA teratogenicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS On gestation day 8, mice were injected with a non-teratogenic dose (20 mg/kg) of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl esthe...