We retrace here the foundation of the "Nogent School". What were its main scientific orientations? Two fields of research dominated Etienne Wolff's work: Experimental Teratology and Intersexuality. Nicole Le Douarin's work , in one sense, started with a remarkable tool which is the quail / chick marker system. She applied this system to the study of in vivo migration of cells during embryonic l...

In Poland, medical embryology (both scientific research and teaching of the subject) has traditionally involved Chairs of Histology and Embryology rather than Obstetrics and Gynecology. Before World War II, the most buoyant centers for embryological research among the five universities at the time (in Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, Lvov and Vilnius), were the Chairs of Embryology and Histology at Medi...

Numerous factors hinder our ability to recognize fully human teratogens. Among these are the limitations of animal and epidemiologic studies, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms of action of most teratogens, and the variability in expression of the clinical manifestation. Dose and timing of exposure, interactions with other environmental agents, and host susceptibility influence this va...

BACKGROUND The 49-year history of the Teratology Society is reviewed. An abbreviated history is outlined in table form, with listings of the Warkany Lectures, the Continuing Education Courses, and officers of the society. The original article was updated to include the years 2000 to 2010. METHODS A year-by-year description of the events is given, including the scientific and social content of...

BACKGROUND While the benefits of evidence-based counseling to large numbers of women and physicians are intuitively evident, there is an urgent need to document that teratology counseling, in addition to improving the quality of life of women and families, also leads to cost saving. The objective of the present study was to calculate the cost effectiveness of the Motherisk Program, a large tera...

Palatal primordia of day−1251CR mouse fetuses were cultured in a chemi − ca】[ydefined serumless medium by a suspension cuhure technique, and the developmental tQxicity of aspirin and its metabolites on in vitro pa was studied . Explanted fetal palates were exposed in vitro for 72 hr to O,5−2 mM aspirin (ASP),025 −2 mM salicylic acid (SA ),0.5−2 mM salicyluric acid (SUA ),1−2 ...

BACKGROUND The 39-year history of the Teratology Society is reviewed. An abbreviated history is outlined in table form, along with listings of the Warkany Lectures, the postgraduate courses, and officers of the Society. METHODS A year-by-year description of the events, including the scientific and social content of the annual meetings and changes in the business of the Society, is given, in m...

Mercury and its compounds have a wide spectrum of toxicities depending upon the chemical forms and modes of exposure. Among the various chemical forms, mercury vapor and methylmercury are well known and established as neurotoxic agents. Since the disasters in Minamata and Iraq, in which fetuses were more susceptible than adults to methylmercury exposure, much attention has been focused on prena...

I have reserved for separate consideration the dropsical foetus born along with a healthy infant, for its characters appear to differ in a marked manner from those met with when the (edematous foetus is the sole result of the pregnancy. Sometimes general dropsy is found in a twin developed within a separate chorion and with a separate placenta; but it is much more commonly met with in the monoc...