Background: The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) (Council of Europe 2001) has, over the past decade, come to be widely used as a reference tool for teaching, learning and assessment (Alderson 2002; North 2014). The focus of the current study is on scaling the China Standards of English (CSE) vocabulary descriptors for College English education in Mainland China, where College Engli...

In this study gender language differences in the written description of color were analyzed. The total number of words used, number of tertiary level terms used, and normative emotionality were assessed. Women were found to use more words to describe color than men. An interaction effect among gender and age was found for the number of tertiary level words used. A main effect of gender for tota...

This report was developed to stimulate a discussion about best practices in the delivery of programs that support improvements in education access and quality at the pre-tertiary education levels in developing countries. Looking at the experience of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) and others, it synthesizes evidence, experiences, and lessons learned in the broad field of pre-primary, pr...

All over the world, distance mode of education is gaining a momentum and becoming more popular than conventional education. It is a system in which schools, universities and other educational agencies offer instruction wholly or partly by mail. Eritrea is a newly independent country in Africa is been facing many challenges particularly in its education sector. It did not have more educational i...

Does Military Draft Discourage Enrollment in Higher Education? Evidence from OECD Countries Using data from 1960-2000 for OECD countries, we analyze the impact of compulsory military service on the demand for higher education, measured by students enrolled in tertiary education as a share of the working-age population. Based on a theoretical model, we hypothesize that military draft has a negat...

The structure of the labour force in Malaysia has seen a major shift since the 1970s. Expanding economic opportunities have also increased demand for highly educated and skilled workers. The changing face of the Malaysian labour force has been brought about primarily by increased access to educational opportunities. Greater access to education has produced not only a surge in student enrolment ...

Sustainability is conceptualized, approached and acted upon differently by people, sectors, societies, nations and educational systems. Consequently, the “sustainability thinking”-related scientific, technological, environmental, societal, economic and policy/political components are expected to transform differently. The related necessary transformative paradigm shifts in science, technology, ...