Abstract Background Due to its low capacity for self-repair, articular cartilage is highly susceptible damage and deterioration, which leads the development of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MenSCs) are much less characterized, compared bone marrow (BMMSCs). However, MenSCs seem an attractive alternative classical...

Because of poor self-healing ability, joint cartilage can undergo irreversible degradation in the course of various diseases or after injury. A promising approach for cartilage engineering consists of using of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and a differentiation factor combined with an injectable carrier biomaterial. We describe here a novel synthesis route for native collagen microspheres that d...

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arterial wall that is modulated by the inflammatory balance. Transforming growth factor [TGF] type β1, β2, and β3 are cytokines with broad activities on cells and tissues in the cardiovascular system and have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This cytokine is a major orchestrator of the fibroproliferative response to tissue ...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates proliferation, differentiation, development, angiogenesis, wound healing and other functions in many cell types (Massagué, 2008). Regarding pathological disorders, such as cancer, TGF-β plays two confl icting roles of a tumor suppressor and a tumor promoter. TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stage of c...

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is often marked by aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. Patient groups who benefit from perioperative therapy are not yet defined. The tumor microenvironment and circulating factors as possible predictors of response and prognosis gain interest. This study aimed to investigate cytokines in patients' serum and tumor tissue with regard to response and prognosis...

TIGIT (T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain), which is expressed on T NK cells, can interact with its ligands (i.e., CD155 CD122), leading to inhibitory signaling in cells promoting exhaustion of lymphocytes. Although considered as a promising immune checkpoint molecule, the single-agent efficacy anti-TIGIT therapy limited. TGF-β (Transforming growth factor-beta), serves an regulator tumor mic...