Economic activities of a capitalistic society are organized around the principle of free competition and voluntary trading. In a capitalist society, the right for private properties is divine and the right for political equality for all is regarded as god-given. Political and economical freedom, human dignity and civil rights are commonly promoted. The tremendous power unleashed from liberation...

In this paper, I present a solution to the Doomsday argument based on a third type of solution, by contrast to on the one hand, the Carter-Leslie view and on the other hand, the Eckhardt et al. analysis. The present line of thought is based on the fact that both aforementioned analyses are based on an inaccurate analogy. After discussing the imperfections of both models, I present then a two-si...

I have suggested that one possible solution of the Boltzmann brain problem is that the universe is decaying at an astronomical rate, making it likely to decay within 20 billion years. A problem with this suggestion is that it seems to require unnatural fine tuning in the decay mechanism that would not be explained anthropically. Here it is pointed out that if a spacetime version of volume avera...

It is shown how thinking in terms of the protocol used can help clarify problems related to anthropic reasoning, such as the Doomsday Argument and the Sleeping Beauty Problem. There is a complex of problems related to anthropic reasoning, the Doomsday Argument [Leslie 1996] and the Sleeping Beauty Problem [Elga 2000] perhaps chief among them, that have generated a great deal of heat in the phil...

A broad class of dark energy models, which have been proposed in attempts at solving the cosmological constant problems, predict a late time variation of the equation of state with redshift. The variation occurs as a scalar field picks up speed on its way to negative values of the potential. The negative potential energy eventually turns the expansion into contraction and the local universe und...