Analogical reasoning is considered as one of the main mechanisms underlying creativity. “Thinking out of the box” allows the paradigm shift essential to a creative process. More common is the concept of analogical proportion (“2 is to 4 as 4 is to 8”) which can be described within an algebraic framework. When it comes to concepts (“engine is to the car as heart is to the human”), we need to inv...

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in the world, second only to stroke. There are nearly 15 million patients suffer from refractory epilepsy, with no available therapy. Although most seizures are not life threatening, they are an unpredictable source of annoyance and embarrassment, which will result in unconfident and fear. Prediction of epileptic seizures has a profound effect i...

The goal of statistics is to provide explanations (models) of observed data. We are given some data and have to infer a plausible probabilistic hypothesis explaining it. Consider, for example, the following scenario. We are given a “black box”. We have turned the box on (only once) and it has produced a sequence x of million bits. Given x, we have to infer a hypothesis about the black box. Clas...

What is a good prior? Actual prior knowledge should be used, but for complex models this often not easily available. The can in the form of symmetry assumptions, and then choice will typically an improper prior. Also more generally, it quite common to choose priors. Motivated by we consider theoretical framework statistics that includes both priors posteriors. Knowledge represented possibly unb...