We investigate the correlation between the information theoretic measure of empowerment and the graph theoretic measure of closeness centrality, to better understand the structural conditions that must exist in a world for learning and adaptation. We examine both measures in both a simple gridworld scenario, represented as a graph, and on a scale-free graph. We show a strong correlation between...

Have you ever wondered what God’s inner emotional life might be like? Within Christian thought, there are conflicting answers to this question. The majority of theologians throughout history have said that God cannot moved by creatures feel anything. does not literally empathy, mercy, or compassion. Instead, only feels pure undisturbed happiness. This view is called divine impassibility. In the...

OBJECTIVE Interaction of ICOS with its ligand (ICOSL, B7-H2) promotes T cell responses. As CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ naturally occurring T regulatory cells in melanoma patients express ICOS, we investigated the impact of ICOS on naturally occurring T regulatory cell function. METHODS Expression of ICOS and T regulatory (Treg) cell markers was determined on CD4+CD25high T cells in PBMC and tumor-infi...

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study photosystem II structure and function. Structural information obtained from simulations was combined with ab initio computations of chromophore excited states. In contrast to calculations based on the x-ray structure, the molecular-dynamics-based calculations accurately predicted the experimental absorbance spectrum. In addition, our c...

a novel algorithm for the fast detection of hubs in chemical networks is presented. thealgorithm identifies a set of nodes in the network as most significant, aimed to be the mosteffective points of distribution for fast, widespread coverage throughout the system. we showthat our hubs have in general greater closeness centrality and betweenness centrality thanvertices with maximal degree, while...

Targeting integration in construction, this study compares the suitability of various factors and strategies to provide suitable contractual and noncontractual incentives for building a relational contracting (RC) culture and fostering effective teamwork. Results from statistical analyses of 96 questionnaire responses from Singapore contractors, consultants, and clients are presented. Despite o...

A Rhodobacter sphaeroides bchD (magnesium chelatase) mutant was studied to determine the properties of its photosystem in the absence of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl). Western blots of reaction center H, M, and L (RC H/M/L) proteins from mutant membranes showed levels of 12% RC H, 32% RC L, and 46% RC M relative to those of the wild type. Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed 52% light-harvesting complex alph...