Australia’s National Strategy for VET 2004-2010 calls for a client-centred and innovative vocational training system of world class standard. An important strategy to achieve this goal is to build the capability of both public and private registered training organisations. The Consortium, “Supporting VET providers in building capability for the future”, was established to conduct research that ...

Although there have been many grand visions for the transformative capacity of e-Government initiatives, the actual realization of these visions has met with mixed results. This paper argues that current approaches to appraising the benefits and consequences of e-government initiatives are constrained by a narrow technologically determinist perspective focused on ICT investment rather than poli...

respect and reverence for water and trees are institutionalised in many ancient civilisations due to socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. in iranian societies, respect for trees and water, separately and in composite form as gardens, is a well-known cultural value both before and after islam. therefore, the first part of this paper explains the value and importance of plants and garde...

Rural, regional and remote (R-3) communities are generally in decline in Australia and in some other countries in the Western world. The economic problems include a decline in agriculture as competitive countries protect their domestic industry by subsidies and high tariffs. This paper examines the economic situation of these communities on four levels. These are the policy level (the Australia...

This paper sets up two competing frameworks to assess the evidence of the CAP reforms of the 1980s and 1990s. The two frameworks differ in the degree of prominence given to interest groups in affecting CAP decisions. The paper concludes that the most important mechanism behind CAP reforms is the interaction of EU institutions and member state governments. Interest groups, at national or EU-leve...

beginning of the safavidempire, ie, the reign of ismail and tahmasp was the era of prosperity and development of calligraphy in iran. this era can be divided into three periods of approximately equal length. the first was a period of transition from timurid herat to safavid tabriz. the second period, which coincided with the first years of the reign of tahmasp and his interest in art of the boo...

SINCE THE PASSAGE of California’s Proposition 13 in 1978, tax and expenditure limitation measures (TELs) have been widely used for altering the revenue systems of state and local governments (Joyce and Mullins 1991). Oregon’s Ballot Measure 5, a TEL passed in 1990, provides an opportunity to (1) identify some of the effects of a TEL on local governments and (2) examine how local officials try t...

contrary to other jewish communities of iran, kashan’s jewish community has undergone positive social and political developments during qajar period. although they could never enjoy equal social privileges as citizens, in comparison to other iranian jews and comparing the safavid period, they made considerable achievements in social relationships and political experience. the present research f...

the presence of european missionaries in iran was the important issue in the history of the safavid. one of the most important groups of missionaries was carmelites who came to iran to try to spread the catholic faith in this country.they came to iran during the rule of shah abbas i apparently to create an alliance between iran and the christian countries of europe against the ottoman and indee...