In this study, ventilation of clothing microenvironment, thermal insulation and vapor resistance of two jackets made of different materials were measured locally at front, back, side and arm by using an articulated thermal manikin in a controlled climate chamber (29±1°C, 40±10%RH). The various conditions of microenvironment ventilation were created by making the manikin stand and walk, combined...

Context. Detailed hydrodynamic modeling explained several features of a fragment of the core of a Coronal Mass Ejection observed with SoHO/UVCS at 1.7 R⊙ on 12 December 1997, but some questions remained unsolved. Aims. We investigate the role of the magnetic fields in the thermal insulation and the expansion of an ejected fragment (cloud) traveling upwards in the outer corona. Methods. We perfo...

The planned International Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will consist of a superconducting double-ring synchrotron offering ion beams of intensity increased by a factor of 100-1000 compared to the existing GSI accelerators. Materials close to the beam tube will be exposed to secondary radiation of neutrons, protons, and heavier particles, possibly limiting reliable function and...

Natural thermal insulation materials developed from renewable crop by-products and natural binders are analysed in terms of their thermal degradation and fire behaviour. A pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetre (PCFC) is used to characterise some kinds of crop by-products, including rice husk, corn pith and barley straw. This technique is complemented with a TG analysis. Six thermal insulation m...

The aging of oil-paper insulation in power transformers may cause serious power failures. Thus, effective monitoring of the condition of the transformer insulation is the key to prevent major accidents. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of confocal laser Raman spectroscopy (CLRS) for assessing the aging condition of oil-paper insulation. Oil-paper insulation samples were ...

Whether your pocketbook or the planet is your chief concern, energy efficiency can add up to a lot of savings. Reducing energy demand reduces the amount of fossil fuel combustion needed to heat and cool homes, which in turn decreases the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. In terms of your pocketbook, reducing your energy consumption means lower utility bills. While there are ...

Aerogels are synthetic porous materials derived from sol-gel materials in which the liquid component has been replaced with gas to leave intact solid nanostructures without pore collapse. Recently, aerogels based on natural or synthetic polymers, called polymer or organic aerogels, have been widely explored due to their porous structures and unique properties, such as high specific surface area...

Thermal infrared imaging is a valuable tool to perform non-destructive qualitative tests and to investigate buildings envelope thermal-energy behavior. The assessment of envelope thermal insulation, ventilation, air leakages, and HVAC performance can be implemented through the analysis of each thermogram corresponding to an object surface temperature. Thermography also allows the identification...

Two national metrology institutes have conducted an international interlaboratory comparison on thermal conductivity for two thermal insulation reference materials. The Laboratoire national de métrologie et d’essais (LNE), France, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), United States, present measurements obtained by the guarded-hot-plate method. The study involved two ma...

Insulating concrete is a material designed to reduce heat conduction with pores/insulations, and these pores strongly affect the material characteristics. In general, the insulation effect is directly proportion to the pore volume, while the material strength decreases as the porosity increases. To overcome this contrary, anisotropic insulations with different spatial distributions are proposed...