Thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd : YLF rod, under lasing and nonlasing conditions, has been investigated. Under lasing conditions, a weak thermal lens, with dioptric power varying linearly with pump power, was observed. Under nonlasing conditions, where higher inversion densities were involved, hence relevant to Q-switched operation or operation as an amplifier, a much stronger thermal lens ...

The absorption of light in transmissive optics cause a thermally induced effect known as thermal lensing. This effect provokes an often undesired change of a laser beam transmitted by the optic. In this paper we present a measurement method that allows us to determine thermal lensing in commonly used optical components. The beam influenced by the thermal lens is expanded into the eigenmodes of ...

X-ray full-field microscopy at laboratory sources for photon energies above 10 keV suffers from either long exposure times or low resolution. The flux is mainly limited by the objectives used, having a numerical aperture NA. We show that this can be overcome making use of cone-beam illumination imaging same field view (FoV) several under slightly different angles using an array lenses. Using te...

PURPOSE Lens fiber cell membranes contain aquaporin-0 (AQP0), which constitutes approximately 50% of the total fiber cell membrane proteins and has a dual function as a water channel protein and an adhesion molecule. Fiber cell membranes also develop an elaborate interlocking system that is required for maintaining structural order, stability, and lens transparency. Herein, we used an AQP0-defi...

Sevenfold improved axial resolution has been achieved in three-dimensional widefield fluorescence microscopy, using a novel interferometric technique in which the sample is observed and/or illuminated from both sides simultaneously using two opposing objective lenses. Separate interference effects in the excitation light and the emitted light give access to higher resolution axial information a...