The cyclic-imide-hydrolyzing activity of a prokaryotic cyclic-ureide-hydrolyzing enzyme, D-hydantoinase, was investigated. The enzyme hydrolyzed cyclic imides with bulky substituents such as 2-methylsuccinimide, 2-phenylsuccinimide, phthalimide, and 3,4-pyridine dicarboximide to the corresponding half-amides. However, simple cyclic imides without substituents, which are substrates of imidase (i...

Cholangiocarcinoma is a predominantly fatal cancer, which can be difficult to treat. We report a 73-year-old man who developed cholangiocarcinoma with cholangiohepatitis and diabetes. Administration of pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). agonist, improved not only diabetic control, but also the tumor-induced cholangiohepatitis, and improved the patient's ...

Physical activity attenuates metabolic and cardiovascular maladaptations in diabetes by improving glycemic control, insulin resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adipocytokines levels (adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor [TNF], and interleukin [IL]-6) (1,2). Likewise, thiazolidinediones favorably influence the above indexes (3,4). We hypothesized that the combination of exercise t...

Abbreviations ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ADVANCE Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation AGI α-Glucosidase inhibitor CAD Coronary artery disease CKD Chronic kidney disease CVD Cardiovascular disease DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase IV GIP Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide 1 ...

Thiazolidinediones are synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical evidence indicates that thiazolidinediones increase fracture risks in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, but the mechanism by which thiazolidinediones augment fracture risks is not fully understood. Several groups recently demonstrated that thiazolidinediones s...

Thiazolidinediones are synthetic agonists for the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and are therapeutically used as insulin sensitizers. Besides therapeutical benefits, potential side effects such as the induction of cell death by thiazolidinediones deserve consideration. Although PPARgamma-dependent and -independent cell death in response to thia...

Cellular and tissue defects associated with insulin resistance are coincident with transcriptional abnormalities and are improved after insulin sensitization with thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARgamma ligands. We characterized 72 human subjects by relating their clinical phenotypes with functional pathway alterations. We transcriptionally profiled 364 biopsies harvested before and after hyperinsuli...

235 words Introduction: 312 words Discussion: 1491 words Abbreviations: rivoglitazone, (RS)-5-{4-[(6-methoxy-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methoxy]benzyl}-1,3-thiazoli dine-2,4-dione monohydrochloride; TZD, thiazolidinedione; PPARγ, peroxisome This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. DMD Fast Forward. Published on April 21, 2011 as DOI:...