Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have systematically investigated the thermodynamic properties and structural stabilities of thorium dioxide (ThO(2)). Based on the calculated phonon dispersion curves, we have calculated the thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus, and heat capacities at different temperatures for ThO(2) under the quasi-harmonic approximation. All the r...

The first step in investigation of thorium fuel is evaluation of the results obtained from the spectral code for this type of fuel. The benchmark summarized by IAEA in 2003 was used for partial validation of the code HELIOS 1.9. The benchmark was focused on a comparison of the methods and basic nuclear data. Acceptable results of benchmark comparison allowed examining and comparing different ad...

In this study, the production technology of rare-earth oxides from Eskişehir-Beylikova complex ore that contains barite, fluorite, elements, and thorium were investigated. processes can be used in thorium-free mixed rare earth tested. Roasting, leaching, solvent extraction precipitation methods respectively. Roasting temperature roasting duration determined as 600 °C 1 hour, The optimum leachin...

Thorotrast (a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide) injected into the dorsal lymph sac of the common frog, Rana temporaria, can be shown by radiological methods to pass through the anterior lymph hearts and so into the blood system. From the blood the thorotrast is removed, as in mammals, by cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and by macrophages, the sites of greatest activity being the...

Uranium and thorium within the Earth produce a major portion of terrestrial heat along with a measurable flux of electron antineutrinos. These elements are key components in geophysical and geochemical models. Their quantity and distribution drive the dynamics, define the thermal history, and are a consequence of the differentiation of the Earth. Knowledge of uranium and thorium concentrations ...

Laser-ablated Th atoms react with molecular hydrogen to give thorium hydrides and their dihydrogen complexes during condensation in excess neon and hydrogen for characterization by matrix infrared spectroscopy. The ThH2, ThH4, and ThH4(H2)x (x = 1-4) product molecules have been identified through isotopic substitution (HD, D2) and comparison to frequencies calculated by density functional theor...

Background: Decrease of economically accessible uranium resources motivates consideration of breeding of fertile elements such as thorium. Material and Method: Thorium oxide fuel burn up calculation of a simulated research reactor cooled heavy water has been proposed in the present work using MCNPX 2.6 code. Two 233U and 235U isotopes have been used as fissile element of thorium oxide fuel. 135...

Intravenous injections of colloidal thorium dioxide were made in rabbits and moderate amounts caused no significant changes in the cellular elements of venous blood. Thorium dioxide was held locally with great tenacity in the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system in the bone marrow and showed little tendency to migrate despite drastic stimuli to the marrow in the form of anemia and plethora....