Computed tomography can be used to create highquality three-dimensional images. An example of a con uent left pulmonary vein in a patient with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial Ž brillation is shown in the Ž gure. The common trunk (arrows) and individual branches (arrowheads) are clearly seen. Thus, three-dimensional computed tomography of the heart may be useful for visualizing the pulmonary veins...

A 57-year-old man presented with persistent hyperparathyroidism following primary parathyroidectomy. A four-dimensional computed tomography scan with three-dimensional reconstruction showed two parathyroid glands (one right and one left) and anatomic variation from previous surgery. Revision surgery was performed revealing the parathyroid glands as expected from the preoperative three-dimension...

The three-dimensional(3-d) reconstruction and visualization of serials of industrial computed tomography(ICT) images is an important research aspect for large objects nondestructive detection. In the course of 3-d reconstructions of the continuous equidistant ICT images, the contour lines of every tomogram are picked out and joint by triangles in serialized order. After the stereo images of the...

Glenoid implant design and alignment are critical to the success of shoulder arthroplasty. Computer-aided design models of 3 glenoid implant designs (keel, standard pegs, and modified pegs) were virtually implanted into 3-dimensional computed tomography-reconstructed models of 40 normal scapulae. The incidence of perforation on 3-dimensional computed tomography preoperative templating varied fr...

Anatomic variations of the pulmonary artery increase the risks for vessel injury and critical mistakes during pulmonary artery resection. A patient who underwent left lower lobectomy for lung cancer with a mediastinal lingular and basal pulmonary artery that had been detected preoperatively by three-dimensional computed tomography is presented. During thoracoscopic surgery, the mediastinal basa...

Eagle's syndrome represents a group of symptoms that includes recurrent throat pain, globus pharyngeus, dysphagia, referred otalgia, and neck pain possibly caused by elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid or stylomandibular ligaments. The medical history and physical and radiologic examinations are the main guides to the precise diagnosis. The radiologic diagnostic ...

Three-dimensional terahertz computed tomography has been used to investigate dried human bones such as a lumbar vertebra, a coxal bone, and a skull, with a direct comparison with standard radiography. In spite of lower spatial resolution compared with x-ray, terahertz imaging clearly discerns a compact bone from a spongy one, with strong terahertz absorption as shown by additional terahertz tim...

Comparative anatomy and physiology are disciplines related to structures and mechanisms in three-dimensional (3D) space. For the past centuries, scientific reports in these fields have relied on written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) illustrations, but in recent years 3D virtual modelling has entered the scene. However, comprehending complex anatomical structures is hampered by reproduct...