The optimum daily dose of thyroxine was calculated for 13 children aged 3-16 years with primary hypothyroidism by titrating their doses at monthly intervals. The condition of the thyroid was assessed by sensitive assay of thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, as well as measurement of total and free thyroid hormone concentrations and systolic time interval ratios. Serum thyroid stimulatin...

CONTEXT Approximately 740,000 Ci (2.73 x 10(16) Bq) of iodine 131 (131I) were released to the atmosphere from the Hanford Nuclear Site in Washington State from 1944 through 1957. The risk of thyroid disease resulting from prolonged environmental 131I exposure is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The Hanford Thyroid Disease Study (HTDS) was conducted to determine if thyroid disease is increased amo...

BACKGROUND Although ionizing radiation is an established environmental risk factor for thyroid cancer, the effect of chemotherapy drugs on thyroid cancer risk remains unclear. We evaluated the chemotherapy-related risk of thyroid cancer in childhood cancer survivors and the possible joint effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. METHODS The study included 12,547 five-year survivors of childh...

The link between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases has been recognized for more than 100 years. Although overt hypothyroidism leads to impaired cardiac function and possibly heart failure, the cardiovascular consequences of borderline low thyroid function are not clear. Establishment of a suitable animal model would be helpful. In this study, we characterized a rat model to study ...

Differentiated thyroid carcinomas usually show good uptake and response to I-131 ablative treatment. In this study, 90 patients following near total thyroidectomy who were referred to our institute for I-131 therapy are retrospectively studied. The patients are divided in two groups. Group 1 revealed complete ablation after one dose of I-131. Group 2 needed more than one dose of I-131 for...

Thyroid cancer’s overall contribution to the worldwide cancer burden is relatively small, but incidence rates have increased over the last three decades throughout the world. This trend has been hypothesised to reflect a combination of technological advances enabling increased detection, but also changes in environmental factors, including population exposure to ionising radiation from fallout,...

Acute and excessive iodine supplementation leads to iodine-induced thyroid cytotoxicity. Excessive oxidative stress has been suggested to be one of the underlying mechanisms in the development of thyroid cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamin E (VE), an important antioxidant, could ameliorate iodine-induced thyroid cytotoxicity. A goiter was induced in rats by fe...

We characterized the scintigraphic and sonographic appearance of the thyroid gland in clinically normal horses to establish the value of these modalities for assessment of the thyroid gland in this species. Horses were divided into two age groups. One group consisted of eight horses between 3 and 10 years of age and the other of seven horses between 11 and 20 years of age. Total T4 concentratio...