Introduction: Camping and hiking are popular worldwide recreational activities. All age groups, elderly or young, immunocompetent or immunosupressive people may engage in these activities. During these activities, individuals may get injured or be exposed to pathogens. There is also a strong possibility of experiencing mosquito, lice, or tick bites, bee stings, or being bitten ...

Spirochetes in the genus Borrelia are responsible for tick-borne relapsing fever and Lyme disease. Borrelia-tick interactions are highly specific as each species of Borrelia is only transmitted by one or a few closely related species of ticks. Borrelia colonize the gut or salivary glands of ticks. Several Borrelia genes required for tick colonization or transmission have been identified. Borrel...

Malaria and relapsing fever are arthropod-borne infections characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and a tendency to relapse. Both are diagnosed through examination of stained blood films, and both might respond to tetracycline therapy. In at least four published case reports, the presence of malarial microgametes possibly resulted in misdiagnosis of borreliosis in patients with malaria. An ...

INTRODUCTION Although malaria has been the leading cause of fever for many years, with improved control regimes malaria transmission, morbidity and mortality have decreased. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the importance of non-malaria fevers, which have significantly improved our understanding of etiologies of febrile illnesses. A number of non-malaria febrile illnesses including...

Tick borne diseases are caused by different microorganisms and transmitted by ticks. They are the most prevalent and devastating diseases in the developing countries all over the world. The objective of this paper is to review tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants. Tick borne hemoparasitic diseases of ruminants such as Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and Theileriosis remain most important in ...