The captive environment can lack opportunities for the expression of a range of natural behaviours (Wemelsfelder, 1997) and can contribute to the establishment of stereotypic or undesirable behaviours. Appropriately enriched environments have been shown to have positive effect on both physiological (Newberry, 1995) and psychological (Roy et al, 2001) welfare and to enhance the range of behaviou...

By employing the theoretical method based on tight-binding, we study electronic band structure of single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) superlattices, which the system is the made of the junction between the zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes. Exactly at the place of connection, it is appeared the pentagon–heptagon pairs as topological defect in carbon hexagonal network. The calculations are base...

Calf housing often only meets the basic needs of calves, but there is a growing interest in providing enrichments. This study described the behaviour of calves when they were given the opportunity to interact with two commonly available enrichment items. Female and male calves (approximately 11 days old) were pair-housed in 8 identical pens fitted with an automated brush and a hanging rope. Fre...

By employing the theoretical method based on tight-binding, we study electronic band structure of single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) superlattices, which the system is the made of the junction between the zigzag and armchair carbon nanotubes. Exactly at the place of connection, it is appeared the pentagon–heptagon pairs as topological defect in carbon hexagonal network. The calculations are base...

Comfort, W.W. and J. van Mill, Some topological groups with, and some without, proper dense subgroups, Topology and its Applications 41 (1991) 3-15. Continuing earlier investigations into the question cf the existence of a proper dense subgroup of a given topological group, the authors obtain some positive and some negative results, as follows: (a) Every non-degenerate connected Abelian group c...

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Inserting an end of a rope through a loop is a common and important action that is required for creating most types of knots. To perform this action, we need to pass the end of the rope through an area that is enclosed by another segment of rope. As for all knotting actions, the robot must for this exercise control over a semi-compliant and flexible body whose complex 3d shape is difficult to p...

This article describes a project undertaken to explore programming physical operations on complex flexible objects. Uncertainty about the exact state of the object makes it impossible to precisely specify the actions to be performed at the time the program is written. Furthermore, the detailed consequences of manipulations on flexible objects cannot be determined before the action is performed....