the purpose of the present study was to determine the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) dopaminergic system in fear conditioning response considering individual differences. animals were initially counterbalanced and classified based on open field test, and then were given a single infusion of the dopamine agonist, amphetamine (amph) and antagonist, clozapine (clz) into the medial prefron...

Following a period of ischemia (local restriction of blood supply to a tissue), the restoration of blood supply to the affected area causes significant tissue damage. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and is a central pathological mechanism contributing to many common disease states. The medical complications caused by IRI in individuals with cerebrovascular or heart disease ar...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the basic physical properties of 3 commonly available tissue-conditioning materials to gain knowledge for their clinical use as impression materials. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 60 samples were prepared and each sample was mixed and prepared according to manufacture direction. Finally five specimens of each tissue conditioners were subje...

Lesion and electrophysiological studies in rodents have identified the amygdala and hippocampus (HPC) as key structures for Pavlovian fear conditioning, but human functional neuroimaging studies have not consistently found activation of these structures. This could be because hemodynamic responses cannot detect the sparse neuronal activity proposed to underlie conditioned fear. Alternatively, d...

Experimental interference with the circulation in a circumscribed tissue area, too slight to produce any manifest disturbance in itself, can strikingly alter topical reactivity to irritants and to the antiphlogistic effect of hydrocortisone. Thus, certain vascular territories can be "selectively conditioned" to the anti-inflammatory actions of blood-borne corticoids. Conversely, when tissue dam...