backgrounds: evidence is accumulating to support disruption of tissue architecture as a powerful event in tumor formation. for the past four decades, intensive cancer research with the premise of “cancer as a cell based-disease” focused on finding oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. however, the role of the tissue architecture was neglected. three dimensional (3d) cell cultures which can recap...

more than 12,000 alkaloids are known in plants, mostly used as medicine with a world market value of about 4 billion us$. opium poppy, papaver somniferum, is the most important economic source of morphinane alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, thebaine, narcotine and papaverine that are exploited by the pharmaceutical industry as analgesics, antitussives and anti-spasmodics. with regard to incr...

allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is used in the treatment of patients suffering from hematologic and non-hematologic disorders, but the application is limited by the identification of a suitable donor. umbilical cord blood (ucb) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell (hsc) transplantation. despite all advantages, the limited cell dose is one of the  major obstacle...